Complex carbohydrates, biosynthesis

N. Sharon, Complex Carbohydrates, Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Functions, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1975, pp. 65-83. 

D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism D-Alanine metabolism Glutathione metabolism Alkaloid biosynthesis I Alkaloid biosynthesis II Metabolism of Complex Carbohydrates Starch and sucrose metabolism Biosynthesis and degradation of glycoprotein... 

LIPID-LINKED SUGARS AS INTERMEDIATES IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANTS... 

The major problem in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates outside the cell is the lack of an external energy source such as ATP. The biosynthesis of a bacterial cell wall such as the peptidoglycan occurs mainly inside the cell, the final step being the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan strands outside the cell. This reaction is a transpeptidation, which does not require any energy source. 

Sharon, N. Complex Carbohydrates Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Function. Addison-Wesley, London, 1975, p. 16. 

As is evident from the work that is reviewed here, the application of biocatalysts in preparative carbohydrate synthesis has continued to expand and diversify in recent years. Of particular note is the reengineering of biocatalyst properties (e.g., substrate specificity, stability) by the process of directed evolution. Significant progress in the study of the enzymatic biosynthesis of complex carbohydrate has been made with the development in protein purification, molecular genetics, and new methods of enzymological analysis. Bioinformatics provides a large number of putative candidates for carbohydrate-active enzymes. The combined... 

---