Complementary protection

Since a few protective groups cannot satisfy all these criteria for elaborate substrates, a large number of mutually complementary protective groups are needed and, indeed, are becoming available. In early syntheses the chemist chose a standard derivative known to be stable to the subsequent reactions. In a synthesis of callistephin chloride the phenolic —OH group in 1 was selectively protected as an acetate. In the presence of silver ion the aliphatic hydroxyl group in 2 displaced... 

Completion of the synthesis of quinapril involves amide bond formation between 26 and a tetrahydroisoquinoline fragment. Two complementary protected 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinoline subunits 27 and 28, each available in a single step from commercially available (6)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, were utilized (Scheme 10.7). Coupling with 26 using DCC and HOBt in dichloromethane afforded the penultimate compounds 29 and 30 as maleate salts. Cleavage of the f-butyl ester of 29 and treatment with HCl provided quinapril. Alternatively, hydrogenation of 30 under standard conditions cleanly removed the benzyl ester, and quinapril (3) was isolated after formation of the hydrochloride salt. 

In 1990, France and Italy adopted a Certificate of Complementary Protection of Pharmaceutical Patents. 

The laws concerning the French and Italian Certificate of Complementary Protection were abrogated in January 1993. Since this date the Community Supplementary Protection... 

In 1984, the USA adopted a law which enabled the ifetime of certain American patents to be extended, iccording to this law, it is possible to obtain a maximum xtension of 5 years to holders of pharmaceutical patents /hen the marketing of a pharmaceutical product has been elayed in its registration by the FDA. In 1988, Japan has dopted a law which enables the life of a pharmaceutical atent to be extended for a period of 2 to 5 years. France and aly adopted a Certificate of Complementary Protection of harmaceutical patents in 1990. 

Emergency stop pushbuttons (a complementary protective equipment) 3... 

Complementary protection against sodium fires will be set-up on the secondary loops in the steam generator building. 

McAdam, J. (2007) Complementary Protection in International Refugee Law. Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Pobjoy, J. (2010) Treating Like Alike The Principle of Non-Discrimination as a Tool to Mandate the Equal Treatment of Refugees and Beneficiaries of Complementary Protection. Melbourne University Law Review 34 181. 

Enforced disappearance does not form part of any state s complementary protection legislation. The obligation derives from the Disappearances Convention, Art. 16. 

The State of the art has been brought to a high level, however, and the many mutually complementary protective groups that have been developed provide a great degree of flexibility in the design of syntheses of complex molecules/... 

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