Complementary probes

Southern blotting Technique used to identify and locate DNA sequences which are complementary to another piece of DNA called probe using electrophorectic gels for separation of DNA and membrane filters with radiolabelled complementary probes. 

Answer D. The complementary probe will be antiparallel to the coding strand of the... 

A specific fragment can be identified using a complementary probe. 

A thiolated complementary probe. The thiol group is separated to the first base by an aliphatic linker of three carbons (103 nmol) 5 -CTT-TTT-CTT-TTT-GTC-CTT-TTT-AGG-CTC-TGT-3/-(CH2)3-SH... 

Nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA can be separated from a solution using a complementary probe. For example, the strong affinity between... 

We begin this section by considering the concept of a theoretical model chemistry and the development of a numerical spectrometer in section 1. In section 2, we briefly consider the complementary probes of matter which are used in modern science to elucidate the structure and properties of matter on an atomic scale. In section 3, we discuss how the very concept of atoms and molecules depends on the probes employed and how in modern science, computers provide one of the most powerful probes. The complementarity of different probes of matter is briefly described in section 4. The different perspectives given by complementary probes are emphasised and the greater potency acquired when probes are used in conjunction in a problem based environment is underlined. 

Transient NMR observations are a complementary probe of the system. In these measurements excess energy is given to the nuclear spin system by applying a radio frequency field, and the rate of loss of this... 

It is clear that each of the label types discussed here has its own unique virtue. For example, nuclei are ideal probes for use in transient NMR studies. The F nuclei are relatively easy to see and the resonance lines are narrow (about 1 G), making them easy to manipulate with radio frequency pulses. By contrast, nuclei are more difficult to observe, but the quadrupolar interactions are very sensitive to both the presence and type of molecular motion. While spin labels are chemically complex and sufficiently large that steric effects may retard their motion into coal, their large electron spin is easy to detect at concentrations a thousand times less than those used for NMR studies. Thus these various labels are not competing, but rather complementary, probes of the coal structure. As shown in Figure 8, their concerted use enables us to probe molecular motions varying in rate by more than six orders of magnitude. 

A EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 9-16 Membrane-hybridization assay detects nucleic acids complementary to an oligonucleotide probe. This assay can be used to detect both DNA and RNA, and the radiolabeled complementary probe can be either DNA or RNA. 

Methods have been developed to detect ASOs in plasma and other biological samples, based on hybridization with labeled complementary probes [89], The probes are tagged at one end with biotin and the other end with digoxigenin. After hybridization and binding to neutravidin-coated 96-well plates, nuclease SI is added to degrade unhybridized probe. Anti-digoxigenin antibodies and enzyme-linked secondary antibodies are then added sequentially, followed by enzyme substrate (for example, AttoPhos, which fluoresces after enzymatic cleavage) for detection and quantitation [60, 61]. 

EXAMPLE 9.45 The preceding techniques require that the RNA sequence of interest be known so that a complementary probe or primer can be designed and synthesized. Is there an experimental technique that can detect changes in expression from multiple unknown genes ... 

The simulation of the EPR-spectrum of N Cgi(COOEt)2 (Fig. 39) taking into account a fine structure interaction is in nice accordance with the experimental spectrum. The simulation was carried out with the hyperfine interaction and g-factor of unmodified N Cgo and the fine structure interaction 0 2=2 G and E = 0.13 G (non-axial term). The shape of the extra lines definitely requires the inclusion of a non-axial term E, indicating that the molecular structure of the adduct induces some non-axiality which is not averaged out by fast axial rotation. The non-axial term was also observed at a measurement at 100°C showing that axial motional averaging does not take place even at this temperature. These results show that like He Cgo the new endohedral compound N Cgo can be used as a probe to monitor exohedral chemical addition reactions. Due to higher sensitivity, EPR requires less material than NMR.3He Cgo and N Cgo are complementary probes since different interactions are measured. 

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