Comparison of Different Microscopic Techniques

With the different techniques, the surface of bulk polymeric materials or its interior is the target of the microscopic investigations (see Fig. 3.17 at the top). The surface can be studied directly with SEM or ESEM, AFM and, indirectly after replication, with TEM. Ultra- and semi-thin sections from the interior can be used for TEM and thicker sections for SEM or AFM. To compare imaging using TEM, SEM, and AFM, 

In addition to the study of the structure of materials, the influence of several parameters on morphology can be studied, in particular the influence of mechanical loading. There are several methods to investigate deformation and fracture processes, which are discussed in detail in [1,2,5]. The direct imaging techniques of microscopy allow very direct determination of the morphology and 

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Figure 2.2 Comparison of different microscopic techniques to reveai the iameiiar structure of isotactio poiypropyiene (iPP) ...

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