Communities stress reactions

First responders and disaster workers are also vulnerable to stress reactions. Communities as well as individuals react to disaster. 

Stress reactions to occupational and community chemical exposures occur in both acute and chronic forms. Much of the literature pertaining to community reactions to chronic chemical exposures involves hazardous waste sites. By 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified 29,300 sites needing cleanup. The EPA listed 950 of them on the National Priorities List, also known as the Superfund sites [Health Aspects of the Disposal of Waste Chemicals 1986 Upton et al. 1989). Several sources review the medical and environmental aspects of hazardous waste sites (Andelman and Underhill 1987 Committee on Environmental Epidemiology 1991 Epstein et al. 1982 Health Aspects of the Disposal of Waste Chemicals 1986 Petts 1994 Weisaeth 1984). The most common chemicals in these sites include trichloroethylene, lead, toluene, benzene, chloroform, polychlorinated biphenyls, and miscellaneous solvents (Upton et al. 1989). 

Detailed and shorter39 45 reviews of the electrochemical promotion literature prior to 1996 have been published, mainly addressed either to the catalytic or to the electrochemical community. Earlier applications of solid electrolytes in catalysis, including solid electrolyte potentiometry and electrocatalysis have been reviewed previously. The present book is the first on the electrochemical activation of catalytic reactions and is addressed both to the electrochemical and catalytic communities. We stress both the electrochemical and catalytic aspects of electrochemical promotion and hope that the text will be found useful and easy to follow by all readers, including those not frequently using electrochemical, catalytic and surface science methodology and terminology. 

Microwave-assisted synthesis in general is likely to have a tremendous impact in the medicinal/combinatorial chemistry communities because it shortens reaction times, improves final yields and purities, and can carry out reactions that previously were thought impossible to do. It should be stressed that in general the rate enhancements seen in microwave-assisted synthesis can be attributed to the very rapid heating of the reaction mixture (flash heating) and the high temperatures that can be reached, rather than to any other specific or nonthermal microwave effect.40... 

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