Common and Systematic Names

It IS hard to find a class of compounds in which the common names of its members have influenced organic nomenclature more than carboxylic acids Not only are the common names of carboxylic acids themselves abundant and widely used but the names of many other compounds are derived from them Benzene took its name from benzoic acid and propane from propionic acid not the other way around The name butane comes from butyric acid present m rancid butter The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of carboxylic acids—valeraldehyde from valeric acid for exam pie Many carboxylic acids are better known by common names than by their systematic ones and the framers of the lUPAC rules have taken a liberal view toward accepting these common names as permissible alternatives to the systematic ones Table 19 1 lists both common and systematic names for a number of important carboxylic acids... 

Both common and systematic names of compounds are used throughout this volume, depending on which the Editor-in-Chief felt was more appropriate The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the title name, is given as a subtitle Systematic Chemical Abstracts nomenclature, used in both the 9th and 10th Collective Indexes for the title compound and a selection of other compounds mentioned in the procedure, is provided in an appendix at the end of each preparation. Registry numbers, which are useful in computer searching and identification, are also provided in these appendixes. Whenever two names are concurrently in use and one name is the correct Chemical Abstracts name, that name is adopted. For example, both diethyl ether and ethyl ether are normally used. Since ethyl ether is the established Chemical Abstracts name for the 8lh Collective Index, it has been used in this volume The 9th Collective Index name is 1,1 -oxybisethane, which the Editors consider too cumbersome. 

Common names of the compounds arc used throughout this volume. Preparations appear in the alphabetical order of common names of the compound or names of the synthetic procedures. The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the common name, is given as a subtitle. Because of the major shift to new systematic nomenclature adopted by Chemical Abstracts in 1972, many common names used in the text are immediately followed by the bracketed, new names. Whenever two names are concurrently in use, the correct Chemical Abstracts name is adopted. The prefix n- is deleted from w-alkanes and w-alkyls. In the case of amines, both the common and systematic names are used, depending on which one the Editor-in-Chief feels is more appropriate. All reported dimensions are now expressed in Systeme International units. 

Draw structures to correspond with the following common and systematic names ... 

We have chosen to use the names of chemicals that are in common usage on the basis that students should then be able to read and make use of the chemical literature and also to locate chemicals in the laboratory. Systematic names are given in parentheses at the first appropriate opportunity. Ideally, a student should be able to use both systems interchangeably without difficulty. The RSC website has an Appendix of Common and Systematic Names (http //www.chemsoc.org/pdf/tct/functionalap-pendix.pdO to which students are referred. A Further Reading list is also available at (http //www.chemsoc.org/pdf/tct/functionalreading.pdO-... 

Both common and systematic names are recognised by lUPAC for these compounds. 

TABLE 2.7 Common and Systematic Names of Some Compounds... 

Common and systematic names of some simpler compounds. 

Give common and systematic names for each of the following compounds ... 

Draw the structures and give the common and systematic names for the seven alkynes with molecular formula C6H12. 

In Section 2.7, we saw that amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on whether one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia, respectively, have been replaced by an alkyl group. We also saw that amines have both common and systematic names. Common names are obtained by citing the names of the alkyl subsitutents... 

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