Colostrum oligosaccharides

Asakuma, S., Urashima, T., Akahori, M., Obayashi, H., Nakamura, T., Kimura, K., Watanabe, Y., Aral, I., and Sanai, Y. (2007). Variation of major neutral oligosaccharides levels in human colostrum. Eur. ]. Clin. Nutr. 62,488M 94. 

Cravioto, A., Tello, A., Villafan, H., Ruiz, J., del Vedovo, S., and Neeser, J.-R. (1991). Inhibition of localized adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells by immunoglobulin and oligosaccharide fractions of human colostrum and breast milk. /. Infect. Dis. 163,1247-1255. 

Naturally occurring oligosaccharides have also been isolated by gel chromatography. Ohman and Hygstedt94 have reported the isolation, from colostrum, of sialic acid oligosaccharides, including di-O-sialoyl-lactose [0-A/-acetylneuraminoyl-(2 — 8)-0-(N-acetylneur-... 

Figure 4.17 Oligosaccharides attached to casein isolated from bovine milk (1-2) or colostrum...

CMP-neuraminic acid can be used in oligosaccharide synthesis as a substrate for various a2-6-sialyltransferases isolated from rat liver [50] or bovine colostrum [51] as well as a2-3-sialyltransferases isolated from porcine liver [52] and porcine submaxillary glands [53]. Recently, the enzyme has been overexpressed in a baculovirus system [54]. 

It is probable that the neuraminolactose of rat mammary gland and the sialido-lactose of cow colostrum are identical and correspond to AT-acetylneuraminolactose, the additional oligosaccharide found by Caputto and Trucco (and others) being the diacetate isolated by Kuhn and Bross-mer. ... 

The acid is most conveniently obtained, in yields - of 40-60%, from milk, colostrum, submaxillary mucin, and meconium by hydrolysis of the constituent sialoproteins and oligosaccharides with 0.01 N sulfuric acid for one hour at 70°. It may also be obtained from these sources by enzymic digestion with neuraminidase (see Section VII). 

In agreement with the occurrence of Neu5Gc in colostrum and milk oligosaccharides from bovine and porcine sources, transfer from CMP-Neu5Gc to lactose could be demonstrated (Bartholomew et al. 1973, Carlson et al. 1973 a). 

The nucleotide-oligosaccharides belong to an interesting class of compounds. In goat colostrum, the following species containing sialic acids have been identified (Jourdian et aL, 1961 Jourdian and Roseman, 1963) ... 

The rat mammary gland sialyltransferase is probably of more historical than biochemical interest, for it not only led to the discovery of the milk and colostrum enzymes, but also set a precedent for attention to careful chemical detail which characterized this field. It was largely through the careful analysis of products, careful chemical preparation of acceptor molecules, and use of known oligosaccharide acceptor structures that some biochemical understanding has emerged. 

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