Colloidal gold markers

Roth, J. (1983) The colloidal gold marker system for light and electron microscopic cytochemistry, in Techniques in Immunocytochemistry, vol. 2 (Bullock, G. R. and Petrusz, P., eds.). Academic, New York, pp. 217-284. 

Bienz, K, Egger, D, and Pasamontes, L (1986) Electron microscopic lmmuno-cytochemistry. silver enhancement of colloidal gold marker allows double labeling with the same primary antibody J Histochem Cytochem 34,1337-1342. 

The up-to-date trends in using colloidal-gold markers for bioanalytical studies are as follows (i) to minimize the analyte substance amount (antigens, oligonucleotides, lectins, etc.) and (ii) to enhance the sensitivity of analysis. For instance, a sensitivity up to 60-70 ng L" has been reported [104] for an assay based on a simple replacing of the nitrocellulose membranes by microarrays combined with a photometrical reader. 11 should be emphasized that the microarray assay utilizes microliter volumes both for analyte probes and for labeled markers. Besides, the photometrical reader, together with the accessory equipment, allows for 384 probes to be analyzed within a short time period. 

J. Roth. The silver anniversary of gold 25 years of the colloidal gold marker system for immunocytochemistry and histochemistry. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 106 (1), 1-8 (19%). 

Honisberger, M. (1979) Evaluation of colloidal gold as a cytochemical marker for transmission and scanning electron microscope. Biol. Cell 36, 253-258. 

Honisbenger, M., and Rosset, J. (1977) Colloidal gold, a useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy./. Histochem. Cytochem. 25, 295. 

Honisberger, M., Rosset, J., and Bauer, H. (1975) Colloidal gold granules as markers for cell surface receptors in the scanning electron microscope. Experientia 31, 1147-1149. 

Immunohistochemical labeling for electron microscopy is based on the same principles as immunohistochemistry for light microscopy. The differences are that specimen sections must be much thinner (50 100 nm) and the label must be electron-dense. The first electron-dense labels used for immunolabeling at the electron microscope level were ferritin and peroxidase. Peroxidase label can be visualized using DAB reaction product which becomes electron-dense after osmi-cation. With the advent of colloidal gold particles as markers in immunocytochemical... 

Horisberger, M. (1981) Colloidal gold a cytochemical marker for hght and fluorescent microscopy and for transmission and scanning electron microscopy, in Scanning Electron Microscopy II (Johari, O., ed.), SEM, Inc., AMF O Hare, Chicago, pp. 9-31. 

Electron microscopy permits the detailed study of cell relationships within tissues and organelles within cells. Two ultrastructural techniques in which gold probes have proven invaluable are mununocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, and these will be described here. Until 1980, peroxidase was the marker of choice, but now colloidal gold is almost universally used. The advantages of colloidal gold are that ... 

Biotin is a small vitamin molecule (Mr 244) that binds with highaffinity (kD 10 I5M I) to avidin. Avidin is a larger glycoprotein molecule (Mr 70,000), mostly distributed in egg whites. This protein has the advantage of conjugating with different markers, including peroxidase, fluorescent dyes, colloidal gold, and ferritin. Because of this property it is... 

Properties and Features of Colloidal Gold as a Marker in Microscopy... 

Until 1980, peroxidase was the marker of choice, but since then, the use of colloidal gold has increased and now, is almost universally used for electron immunocytochemistry Colloidal gold is ideal for electron microscopy. It is particulate tind very dense, therefore, it can be identified on heavily stained biological tissue. Because it is small, it will not obscure the fine structure of the sample, and it can be prepared in several different sizes to be used for multiple immunolabeling experiments and quantification. 

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