Collector efficiency

Ettect of Independent Variables on Inertial Collector Efficiency... 

Filtration a W volumetric concentration of filter medium d single- number of collector collectors efficiency (v,d) V contact opportunities ... 

Tufenkji N, Elimelech M (2004) Correlation equation for predicting single-collector efficiency in physicochemical filtration in saturated porous media. Environ Sci Technol 38 529-536 Turner BL, Kay MA, Westermann DT (2004) Colloid phosphorus in surface runoff and water extracts from semiarid soils of the western United States. J Environ Qual 33 1464-1472 van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44 892-898... 

Evaporation Small chamber Perfect seal walls sample buffer supply fraction collector Efficient cooling Thin and soft plastic Introduced without breaking seal Siphon outlet Capillary outlets Thin walls (or conditioned... 

If the March insolation in Figure 1.28 also represents the yearly average, then each square meter of collector area receives 2,628 kWh/yr. If these numbers are correct, and if the collector efficiency is 20% (solar collector efficiencies can range from 5 to over 30%), then each square meter of collector area will produce 526 kWh/yr. Based on such calculations, one can calculate the area requirements of solar-hydrogen power plants in any location (see Section 4.2). 

Considering that the electricity used by the United States is about 4.5 x 1012 kWh/yr (15.35Q), if this amount of energy was to be produced by solar farms in the arid southwestern regions (the area of the Mojave Desert alone is 15,000 mi2), the area required to generate 1 Q at a yearly insolation is 2,250 kWh/m2/yr and with a collector efficiency of 20% is 2,250/3,000 x 488 x 15.35 = 5,618 km2 or 2,194 mi2. Therefore, 14.6% of the Mojave Desert would need to be covered to meet the total electric energy requirement of the United States. 

One important aspect of solar farm optimization is the tracking of the sun s trajectory while concentrating the sunlight, so that the mirror reflectors or troughs will be correctly rotated around both axes while concentrating the solar radiation. In order to maximize the collector efficiency, solar and position detectors (Sections 3.15 and 3.17 [Chapter 3]) are used. Some of the tools of positioning include the use of machine vision (Section 3.12) and a variety of positioning devices (Section 3.15). 

The relationship between the filter coefficient and the single collector efficiency is obtained by combining the preceeding two equations ... 

Pfeiffer (11) analyzed flow through assemblages of spheres, deriving an expression of the collector efficiency ... 

Compared with a conventional bipolar transistor, the tunnel collector efficiency is low and this means the collector base current gain, is modest for such transistors. This current is determined not just by base recombination as is usual in standard transistors but also by the fraction of carriers that evade the collection process. Another unusual feature is the form of the output admittance, which is determined by the upper band structure of the ferromagnetic collector material and the effective tunnel barrier width. It is therefore non-negligible and is predictably a function of Vce. 

N. Single Spherical Collector Efficiencies. Four collection mechanisms are considered in the present analysis inertial impaction, interception. Brownian movement and Coulombic forces. Although in our previous analysis the electrical forces were considered to be of the induced nature (13), there is evidence that it is the Coulombic forces which dominate the electrical interactions between the particle and collector (, ], 22). Taking the net effect as the simple summation of each collection mechanism results in the single spherical collector efficiency equation. 

Note from Eqn. (38) that since the volume fraction of each phase varies throughout the bed, so will the assembly average velocities and hence, the single collector efficiencies. 

In the present paper our previous analysis of fluidized bed filtration efficiencies has been extended by considering more realistic methods for estimating the single collector efficiencies as well as more recently reported experimental results. In general the predicted values of the fluidized bed filtration efficiencies compare favorably to the experimental values. For electrically active fluidized beds, direct measurements of the particle and collector charges would be necessary to substantiate the results given here. 

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