Collective rights interpretation

In the last few decades, courts and commentators have offered what may fairly be characterized as three different basic interpretations of the Second Amendment. The first is that the Second Amendment does not apply to individuals rather, it merely recognizes the right of a state to arm its militia. This states rights or collective rights interpretation of the Second Amendment has been embraced by several of our sister circuits. The government commended the states rights view of the Second Amendment to the district court, urging that the Second Amendment does not apply to individual citizens. 

We turn now to the Second Amendment s preamble A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State. And, we ask ourselves whether this preamble suffices to mandate what would be an otherwise implausible collective rights or sophisticated collective rights interpretation of the amendment. We conclude that it does not. 

Another useful information obtained from this phase of knowledge acquisition has been the collection and classification of errors (bug catalogue) and the analysis of the cognitive causes of the errors. The right interpretation of these causes is needed to correct the errors. 

From the data in Table 21 it is easy to draw conclusions based on a similar method of interpretation. In the right-hand column are collected averaged variances of C—X distances calculated for each ring separately and the variances averaged for the whole subsample. Low values of these quantities mean that all carbon atoms of the five-membered ring are a very similar distance from the X atom. This is encountered mostly in the case of sandwich-type complexes and in ionic derivatives of cyclopentadienyl anion in the crystalline states. 

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