Collagen, 670 three-dimensional

Collagen fibers, three dimensional, their part in artificial muscles, (Kuhn et al), 359... 

Grinnell F (2003) Fibroblast biology in three-dimensional collagen matrices. Trends Cell Biol... 

Minami Y, Sugihara H, Oono S. Reconstruction of cornea in three-dimensional collagen matrix culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34 2316-2324 (1993). 

EPISKIN is a three-dimensional human skin model composed of a human collagen (Types El and I) matrix, representing the dermis, covered with a film of Type IV human collagen and stratified differentiated epidermis derived from human keratinocytes. 

Another modification has been described by Nyberg et al. [30]. In this design primary hepatocytes are entrapped in cylindrical collagen gels inside the lumen of the hollow fibres as shown in Fig. 3. The gel entrapment technique reported by this group enables a large number of hepatocytes to be employed in the bioreactor. Additionally, this technique also provides a three-dimensional frame-... 

The polypeptide backbone does not assume a random three-dimensional structure, but instead generally forms regular arrangements of amino acids that are located near to each other in the linear sequence. These arrangements are termed the secondary structure of the polypeptide. The a-helix, 3-sheet, and 3-bend are examples of secondary structures frequently encountered in proteins. [Note The collagen helix, another example of secondary structure, is discussed on p. 43.]... 

Network-forming collagens Types IV and VII form a three-dimensional mesh, rather than distinct fibrils (Figure 4.4). For example, type IV molecules assemble into a sheet or meshwork that constitutes a major part of basement membranes. [Note Basement membranes are thin, sheet-like structures that provide mechanical support for adjacent cells, and function as a semipermeable filtration barrier for macromolecules in organs such as the kidney and the lung.]... 

Jesoir, J. C., Miller, A., and Berthet-Colominas, C. (1981). Crystalline three dimensional packing is a general feature of type I collagen fibrils. FEBS Lett. 13, 238-240. 

Collagens Type VIII and X form hexagonal networks. They are shorter than collagen IV and the networks that they form are more regular. However, no detailed three-dimensional (3D) description exists of the networks that they form in terms of crystallographic symmetry and stoichiometry. 

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