Coimbra University

Dr. Artur Valente, Coimbra University Coimbra, Portugal... 

The author wishes to acknowledge fruitful and enjoyable collaboration with several colleagues during the experimental work reported here. These are S F J Cox (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and University College London), P J C King, J S Lord and S P Cottrell (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), J M Gil, H Alberto, R Vilao, J Piroto Duarte and N Ayres de Campos (Coimbra University, Portugal), and R Lichti (Texas Tech University, USA). 

Laboratoiie Kastler Brossd, ole Normale Supoieure, CNRS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 IMs, Cedex 05, France Department of Physics, Coimbra University, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal... 

Department of Physics, Coimbra University, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal A. Schempp (83)... 

Campos M, Markham KR (2007) Stmcture information fi om HPLC and on-line measured absorption spectra flavones, flavonoids and phenolic acid. Coimbra University Press, Coimbra... 

Burrows HD, AzenhaME, Monteiro CJP (2008) Homogeneous photocatalysis. In Figueiredo JL, Pereira MM, Faria J (eds) Catalysis from theory to application. Coimbra University Press, Coimbra... 

Chemistry Department, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal Instituto de Qmmica Avanzada de Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain... 

Following the institutionalization of chemistry as an independent scientific discipline in Portugal, after the 1772 reform of Coimbra University, the 1844 reform of the university serves as a breath of fresh air in terms of the study of chemistry as being split into different chemistry specialties, an action much related to developments abroad. By 1851 the Coimbra professor J. A. Simoes de Carvalho (1822-1902) was opposing chemistry being taught at the university with French textbooks. Instead, he wrote a modernized text, which included recent research for chemical philosophy lessons and advocated a much greater attention to the day-to-day communications in scientific journals and newsletters than to more complete and extensive manuals. ... 

In a curious publication presented to the Hispano-Portuguese-American Pedagogical Congress, dated 1892, the Coimbra professor Francisco Jose Sousa Gomes refers to what he called Note on the teaching of chemistry at Coimbra University. He was then full professor of chemistry. 

The 1772 reform created at the Coimbra University the faculties of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics, with annexed cabinets and a chemical laboratory, aimed the introduction of experimental teaching and learning of physical and natural sciences. 

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