Coherent dissipative structures

E. Brandas, C.A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann, On the Connection Between Certain Properties of the Second-Order Reduced Density Matrix and the Occurrence of Coherent-Dissipative Structures in Disordered Condensed Matter, Int. J. Quant. Chem. 40 (1991) 649. 

E.J. Brandas, Relaxation Processes and Coherent Dissipative Structures, in E. Lippert, J.D. Macomber (Eds.), Dynamics during Spectroscopic Transitions, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1995, p. 148. 

Plasmas, often described as the fourth state of matter, have macroscopic appearances, even structure, but don t fit in with prototypical substances. Ear-ley [2006] has discussed the features of chemical coherences (dissipative structures, self-organising collections, open systems) and considers them chemical substances , but not chemical substances . It has been said that plasma beam techniques can transcend not only kinetic, but also thermodynamic barriers that is to say they provide access to non-equilibrium regimes and exotic intermediate phases. ... 

We review in Section II the basic results of nonequilibrium thermodynamic stability theory and recall the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions necessary to the occurrence of cooperative coherent behaviors in chemical systems. We briefly indicate some known experimental systems that meet these requirements and in which dissipative structures... 

At the phenomenological thermodynamic level, when we go far from equilibrium, the striking new feature is that new dynamical states of matter arise. We may call these states dissipative structures as they present both structure and coherence and their maintenance requires dissipation of energy.6 Dissipative processes that destroy structure at and near equilibrium may create these structures when sufficiently far from equilibrium. 

A pioneering study of some note has been reported which deals with the role of coherence in disordered matter . This paper examines the existence of coherent (or dissipative) structures in amorphous matter like liquids which arise from thermal motion. Electronic transitions affect the behaviour of many molecules... 

---