Cognitive deficits impairment

B. The cognitive deficits in criteria A1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and represent a significant decline from a previous level of functioning. 

Schizophrenia is a chronic heterogeneous syndrome of disorganized and bizarre thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate affect, cognitive deficits, and impaired psychosocial functioning. 

Scopolamine produces cognitive deficits in humans, which are more pronounced in the elderly (Zemishlany and Thorne 1991). Cognitive studies have focused on memory and attention, but some studies have shown impairments in a variety of cognitive functions. 

Alarcon JM, Malleret G, Touzani K, Vronskaya S, Ishii S, Kandel ER, Barco A (2004) Chromatin acetylation, memory, and LTP are impaired in CBP+/- mice a model for the cognitive deficit in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and its amelioration. Neuron 42(6) 947-959 Alnernri ES, Livingston DJ, Nicholson DW, Salvesen G, Thornberry NA, Wong WW, Yuan J (1996) Human lCElCED-3 protease nomenclature. Cell 87(2) 171... 

The spectrum of cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol use extends to the extreme of Wernicke s encephalopathy and Korsakoff s psychosis. Wernicke s encephalopathy is an acute neurologic syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency. Symptoms include mental confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. Many of these symptoms reverse with administration of thiamine however about 50% of patients are left with some degree of ataxia. Left untreated, Wernicke s encephalopathy can progress to stupor, coma, and death. Approximately 80% to 90% of alcoholics treated for Wernicke s encephalopathy are left with Korsakoff s psychosis, a syndrome of impaired learning and recent memory produced by lesions of the medial dorsal nuclei of the thalamus. 

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