Cocrystal growth

Factors that affect the growth of protein crystals also affect the growth of protein-DNA cocrystals. These factors include the nature of the buffering system, pH, ionic strength, temperature, concentration and nature of precipitant, and concentration of the complex (McPherson, 1990). Examples of crystallization... 

The carbamazepine-nicotinamide cocrystal system has been used to illustrate a mechanism for the formation of cocrystals, for which nucle-ation and growth of solid products are determined by the combination of the reactant components to reduce the solubility of the intermolecular complex that eventually becomes crystallized [42], The principles were studied through the use of in situ monitoring of the cocrystallization process in solutions, suspensions, slurries, and wet solid phases of the... 

G.P. Stahly, Diversity in single- and multiple-component crystals the search for and prevalence of polymorphs and cocrystals, Cryst. Growth Des. 7 (2007) 1007-1026. 

S. Basavoju, D. Bostrdm, S.P. Velga, Pharmaceutical cocrystal and salts of norfloxacin, Cryst. Growth Des. 6 (2006) 2699-2708. 

J.H. ter Horst, P.W. Cains, Cocrystal polymorphs from a solvent-mediated transformation, Cryst. Growth Des. 8 (2008) 2537-2542. 

Colin C. Seaton, Andrew Parkin, Chick C. Wilson, Nicholas Blagden, Growth of an organic cocrystal upon a component subphase, Cryst Growth Des. 8 (2008) 363-368. 

A.V. Trask, J. van de Streek, W.D.S. Motherwell, W. Jones, Achieving polymorphic and stoichiometric diversity in cocrystal formation importance of solid-state grinding, powder X-ray structure determination, and seeding, Cryst. Growth Des. 5 (2005) 2233-2241. 

Babu, N. I., Nangia, A. Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Drugs and Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Cryst. Growth Des. 2011,11, 2662-2679. 

N. Schultheiss, A. Newman, Pharmaceutical cocrystals and their physicochemical properties, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 2950-2967. 

E.P.J. Parrott, J.A. Zeitler, T. Friscic, M. Pepper, W. Jones, G.M. Day, L.F. Gladden, Testing the sensitivity of terahertz spectroscopy to changes in molecular and supramo-lecular structure a study of structurally similar cocrystals, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 1452-1460. 

F.G. Vogt, J.S. Clawson, M. Strohmeier, A.J. Edwards, T.N. Pham, S.A. Watson, Solid-state NMR analysis of organic cocrystals and complexes, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 921-937. 

E. Gagniere, D. Mangin, F. Fuel, C. Bebon, J.-P. Klein, O. Monnier, E. Garcia, Cocrystal formation in solution in situ solute concentration monitoring of the two components and kinetic pathways, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 3376-3383. 

M. Du, Z.-H. Zhang, W. Guo, X.-J. Fu, Multi-component hydrogen-bonding assembly of a pharmaceutical agent pamoic acid with piperazine or 4,4 -bipyridyl a channel hydrated salt with multiple-helical motifs vs a bimolecular cocrystal, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 1655-1657. 

S. Mohamed, D.A. Tocher, M. Vickers, P.G. Karamertzanis, S.L. Price, Salt or cocrystal A new series of crystal structures formed from simple pyridines and carboxylic acids, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 2881-2889. 

We have recently developed methods where nucleation and growth of cocrystals are directed by the effect of the cocrystal components on reducing the solubility of the molecular complex to be crystallized. The supersaturation, a, with respect to cocrystal is derived from the difference in chemical potential between the cocrystal components in the supersaturated solution state and in the solid state and is given by... 

Nehm, S. Rodrtguez-Spong, B. Rodriguez-Hornedo, N. Phase solubility diagrams of cocrystals are explained by solubility product and solution complexation. Cryst. Growth Des. 2006, 6, 592-600. 

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