Cobalt radii

The ONIOM protein system contains the substrate, methylmalonyl-CoA, bound to the active site, the cofactor (AdoCbl) and all amino acids within a 15-A radius from the cobalt atom. The active-site selection contains a truncated AdoCbl and the imidazole ring of its lower ligand. The QM part was calculated using the BP86 functional [31, 72] because it gives better agreement with experimental Co—C bond energies [73, 74], This a different choice of functional compared to the other studies in the present review. 

Reduction lowers the charge to radius ratio of transition metal ions, promoting higher rates of ligand substitution. Reduced, divalent oxidation states of manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel are also quite soluble (Table II). 

Symbol Ni atomic number 28 atomic weight 58.693 a transition metal element in the first triad of Group VIll(Group 10) after iron and cobalt electron configuration [Ar]3d 4s2 valence states 0, -i-l, +2, and -f-3 most common oxidation state +2 the standard electrode potential, NF+ -1- 2e Ni -0.237 V atomic radius 1.24A ionic radius (NF+) 0.70A five natural isotopes Ni-58 (68.08%), Ni-60 (26.22%), Ni-61 (1.14%), Ni-62 (3.63%), Ni-64 (0.93%) nineteen radioactive isotopes are known in the mass range 51-57, 59, 63, 65-74 the longest-lived radioisotope Ni-59 has a half-life 7.6x10 years. 

Mean cobalt-cobalt and nickel-nickel distances observed in these complexes are very close to interatomic distances determined at ambient temperatures in cobalt and nickel metals (Co-Co 2.489(7) A vs. 2.507 A in a-cobalt (33) Ni-Ni 2.469(6) A vs. 2.492 A in the metal (39)). The mean M-H bond lengths, as well as hydride displacements from M3 faces, are less for nickel in H3Ni4(Cp)4 than for cobalt in HFeCo3(CO)9(P(OMe)3)3. Although the differences are marginally significant within error limits (Ni-H 1.691(8) A vs. Co-H 1.734(4) A displacements from plane Ni3 0.90(3) A vs. Co3 0.978(3) A), they are in the expected direction since the covalent radius should vary inversely with atomic number within a transition series. However, other effects such as the number of electrons in the cluster also can influence these dimensions. 

That this interpretation is reasonable is indicated by a comparison with the octahedral radii of iron, cobalt, and nickel, indicated in Figure 11-9 by squares, with the oxidation numbers also shown. The smaller octahedral radii correspond to d2sp8 orbitals, with 33 percent d character, and the radii that are about 0.10 greater correspond to dsp orbitals, with 20 percent d character. It is evident that there is a rapid decrease in single-bond radius with increase in the amount of d character... 

Identify the element with the larger atomic radius in each of the following pairs (a) cobalt and manganese (b) copper and zinc (c) chromium and molybdenum. 

In aluminosilicates each high-spin trivalent transition metal ion has a larger ionic radius than the host Al3+ ion. However, cations such as Cr3+ (-249.9 kJ/mole), V3+(-182.8 kJ/mole) and Mn3+ (-150.8 kJ/mole), which acquire particularly large CFSE s in octahedral coordination (table 2.5), are induced to enter [A106] octahedra, and not five-coordinated [A105] (andalusite, yoderite) or tetrahedral [AlOJ (silhmanite) sites, by the enhanced stabilization bestowed in octahedral crystal fields. Although Co3+ ions have not been positively identified in silicate minerals, the strong enrichment of cobalt in natural and syn-... 

On the basis of ionic radius, cobalt ion should be placed between copper and cadmium ions, and thus it has a higher affinity than expected. Perhaps it substitutes the iron(II) of crystal lattice since the two ionic radii are about the same (0.84 nm). 

Cobalt crystallizes in the HCP structure, which contains two atoms per unit cell. The atomic radius of the Co atom is 0.1253 nm. 

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