Coated surface, measurements

Yamada S and Israelachvili J N 1998 Friction and adhesion hysteresis of fluorocarbon surfactant monolayer-coated surfaces measured with the surface forces apparatus J. Rhys. Chem. B 102 234-44... 

Fig. 3-4 Current-potential measurements on a buried steel storage tank with bitumen coating (surface area 4 m with four defects 5 cm x 20 cm soil resistivity p 30Q. m).

Cell formation can easily be detected by measuring potential if coated surfaces with no pores have a more positive potential than uncoated material. Usually this is the case with coated steel in solutions containing oxygen. More negative potentials can only arise with galvanized steel surfaces. Figure 5-4 shows examples of measured cell currents [9,10,16]. 

Fig. 2.3.4 Film formation of a photoinitiated the lower surface (left) after a 90 min induction cross-linking latex coating as measured by period due to oxygen absorption. The profiles CARField. (a) The coating is exposed to air shown were recorded 10, 90, 100 and 110 min (evaporation) and light from above, (b) A sam- and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 17 h after casting the layer, pie comprising a combination of only polymer (d)The full formulation film forms in the central and water dries from the upper surface (right) layers first. In this final time series, the profiles as shown by a time series of profiles, recorded shown were recorded after 10 min (dotted at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 100 and 120 min trace, T) attenuated) and then, from the top after casting the layer, (c) A combination of down, 30, 60 and 90 min and 2, 3, 6 and 17 h polymer and photoinitiator only cures from after casting the layer.

Two investigations have combined TIR with FCS thus far. The first(126) adapted TIR/FCS to measure the absolute concentration of virions in solution. The other(127) measured the adsorption/desorption kinetics of immunoglobulin on a protein-coated surface on the millisecond time scale. 

Targeting Hgands can be attached to the microbubble directly (Fig. 12 A) or via a flexible polymer spacer arm (e.g., polyoxyethylene. Fig. 12 C). Use of the spacer arm may allow for tighter binding in some situations. When the detachment force of the targeted microbubble removal from the receptor-coated surface was measured, microbubbles with spacer-ligand construct demonstrated superior retention as compared with the bubbles where the ligand was connected directly to the lipid anchor, without a spacer [92]. 

Fig. 6. Measurement of the relative amount of ligand bound to each protein in the array. (A) Schematic of on-chip binding assay in which a fluorescently labeled interaction partner binds to the functional, arrayed protein immobilized to the streptavidin-coated surface via the biotinylated BCCP tag. (B) p53 protein function microarray probed with Cy3-labeled GADD45 duplex oligo. Quantification of the signal intensity from each spot allows the effect of polymorphic and functional variation on the DNA binding function of p53 to be determined.

The interferometric SFA has served as an invaluable tool in studying the hydrophobic attraction among other things due to the fact that it is the only technique available today that enables direct observation of occurrence of cavitation. For instance, recently Lin et al. [89] employed a dynamic surface forces measurement method to study interactions between DODAB LB coated surfaces. High-speed camera images of FECO revealed that there are no bubbles on the surfaces prior to contact. However, short-lived cavities, typically lasting 3 ps before disappearing, have been observed to form upon separation (Fig. 6). 

Ellipsometry measures the relative attenuation and phase shift of polarized light reflected from a polymer-coated surface. The Drude equations (Drude, 1889a,b, 1890 Stromberg et ai, 1963 McCrackin and Colson, 1964) relate the attenuation and phase shift to the average refractive index and thickness tel of an equivalent homogeneous film. Interpretation of fel in terms of the actual refractive index distribution or the polymer distribution [Pg.189]

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