Coalescence schematic representation

Fig. 12. A, Schematic representation of parallel arrays of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in a mesophase sphere. B, a) isolated mesophasc spheres in an isotropic fluid pitch matrix b) coalescence of mesophase c) structure of semi-coke after phase inversion and solidification.

Fig. 26. Schematic representation of the three basic steps of coalescence.

Figure 7.11. Schematic representation of layer growth (a,b) and the nucleation-coalescence mechanism (c).

Fig. 11.36 Schematic representation of the effect of compatibilizer chains between two dispersed droplets. The entropic decrease near the pinch distance H repulses the droplets, decreasing coalescence.

Figure 11. Schematic representation of the electrophoretic mobility (A) measurement showing the major components. In an applied electric field, emulsion droplets move according to their surface charge. These charges can electrostatically stabilize an emulsion system by preventing the droplets from coming into contact and coalescing. The motion of the droplets is visually observed, and the electrophoretic mobilities of a number of particles are measured to determine zeta potential. The sedimentation potential (B) is also illustrated.

Fig. 1. A schematic representation of a network of partially coalesced fat globules, illustrating the important role of fat crystals in the coalescence globules (visualized as the straight lines within the globule).

Fig. 2. A schematic representation of the structure of whipped cream, showing the role of fat crystals within the emulsion droplets and partial coalescence of the emulsion in stabilizing the air bubbles and trapping the serum phase into a continuous three-dimensional network.

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of polymer-CD IC formation, the coalescence process, and the coalesced polymer...

Figure 7. Schematic representation of the transformation from (a) NIF (four layers shown) to (c) mixed folded-extended (FE) forms (two triple layers shown) in long-chain n-alkanes with around 200 C atoms. The intermediate stage in panel b should not be taken literally, as the cilia are likely to crystallize simultaneously with their coalescence in the middle layer (from ref 61, by permission of Elsevier Science Publishers).

Figure 10.5 Schematic representation of free energy path for breakdown (flocculation and coalescence) for systems containing an energy barrier.

Figure 2 Schematic representation of cellulose synthesis from Acetobacter xylinus (not to scale). Microfibrils of cellulose are secreted into the fermentation medium via terminal complex transmembrane synthetic sites. In the extracellular medium, a number of elementary microfibrils coalesce to form a flat, twisting and highly persistent ribbon of cellulose. The presence of polysaccharides in the fermentation medium allows interactions to occur both before and after the assembly of microfibrils into ribbons. The right angle bend at the point of ribbon assembly is purely schematic...

For A > 6, counter-ion clusters coalesce to form larger clusters, and eventually a continuous phase is formed with properties that approach those of bulk water [26, 28, 32, 28]. The free water phase is screened (or shielded) from the sulfonate heads by the strongly bound water molecules of the primary hydration shell [28, 29]. Figure 4.2 c is a schematic representation of the hydration states for A = 6 (near the conductivity threshold) and 14 (saturated vapour equilibrated). 

Figure 8.2. Schematic representation of the different degradation mechanisms of emulsions, where the white areas within the frames represent the continuous phase and the shaded areas the dispersed phase (not to scale) 1, phase separation 2, Ostwald ripening 3, aggregation (coalescence as the final state is shown) 4, phase inversion...

Fig. 16. Schematic representation of the formation of a scar by coalescence of two proh iaiticles.

Figure 5.1. Silica gek and powders. Schematic representation of cross-sections of diflerent structural variations A, small particles, close-packed. low coalescence 5, small particles, open-packed, low coalescence C, large particles, close-packed, low coalescence D, large particles, close-packed, low coalescence , large particles, close-packed, highly coalesced F, large particles, open-packed highly coalesced. Coalescence is the d ree to which two particles are bonded or grown together.

FIG U RE 1.2 Schematic representation explaining the removal of coalescence, (a) Marangoni stress and (b) elastic repnlsion. (Adapted from Van Puyvelde Peter, et al. Polym. Eng. ScL, 42, 1956-1964, 2002.)... 

Fig. 13.26. Schematic representation of the possible breakdown pathways in W/O/W multiple emulsions (a) coalescence (b) to (e) expulsion of one or more internal aqueous droplets (f) and (g) less frequent expulsion (h) and (i) coalescence of water droplets before expulsion (j) and (k) diffusion of...

Figure 3.16 Schematic representation of two possible mechanisms of the coalescence suppression in compatibilized polymer blends, (a) Due to Marangoni stress (b) Due to steric repulsion. Adapted from Ref [128] 2001, Elsevier.

The influence of the HLB of Span-Tween mixtures on the stability of W/O and O/W systems has been studied by Boyd et al. [115] the rate of droplet coalescence was determined using a centrifugal photosedimentometer. Fig. 8.21 shows the sensitivity of coalescence rate to HLB near the critical HLB for inversion. The schematic representation (Fig. 8.22) of the polysorbate 40 and Span... 

Figure 40. Schematic representation of defects created by the coalescence of nematic germs.

Figure 19.2 Schematic representations of (a) droplet in shear flow, (h) droplet deformation and retraction, (c) droplet breakup, and (d) droplet coalescence.

Figure 4.7 Schematic representation for the deterministic spherical coalescence to recover the original cylinder. Parts (a)-(e) show the process from cylinders to spheres via undulating cylinders. The long lifetime of poles on the spherical microdomains in the direction parallel to the original cylinder axis is relevant. Here, the dots specify the on-interface distribution of chemical junctions between A and B block chains in A-B diblock molecules. The sketches in (f)-(i) explain the role of poles in the deterministic coalescence of spheres. (Reproduced from K. Kimishima et al. (2000) Macromolecules 33 968-977, Copyright (2000) with permission from the American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 9.7. A schematic representation of the mechanisms leading to the weakening of adsorbed monolayers and the possible coalescence of the drops (a) as drops undergo close packing, deformation begins (b) surfactantant forced out (heavy arrow) as osmotic forces attempt to reestablish the stabilizing layer (light arrows) (c) membrane rupture and drop coalescence.

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