CNS-palladacycles

Bulky dialkylphosphines (HPR2, where R /-butyl, cyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-norbornyl, and the like) were used together with simple CO- and CN-palladacycles for cross-coupling of unactivated chloroarenes with arylboronic ligands (Pd L=1.5, K3PO4, dioxane, reflux),413 thus apparently having a similar activity as trialkylphopshines. 

Beller M, Riermeier TH (1998) Palladium-catalyzed reachons for fine chemical synthesis. Part 4. Phosphapalladacycle-catalyzed Heck reachons for efficient synthesis of trisubshtuted olefins. Evidence for palladium(O) intermediates. Eur J Inorg Chem 1998 29 Consort CS, Flores FR, Dupont J (2005) Kinetics and mechanishc aspects of the Heck reachon promoted by a CN-Palladacycle. J Am Chem Soc 127 12054... 

Indolese and coworkers [132, 133] have shown that simple CN-palladacycles 203 or 204 can be used in equimolar mixtures with bulky secondary or tertiary phosphines at 0.5 mol% loading (Na2C03, DMA, 140 °C) in order to process deactivated aryl chloride... 

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