Clostridia butyricum

Clostridia butyricum Product Hydrogen, produced from fermentation of glucose, is oxidized ... 

Several species of Clostridia are able to produce botulinum toxins. These have been divided into groups with distinct physiological properties although a particular botulinum toxin type can be produced by more than one group. However, it has been found that botulinus toxin can be produced by C. botulinum strains which are clearly distinct from the hitherto defined species and are related to different species such as C. butyricum and C. baratii which have... 

Over the years the butanol or the other minor solvents became more important than the acetone, and the process continued to develop. Different species of clostridia were used to produce these other solvents (e.g. C. butylicum for butanol and isopropanol, and C. butyricum for butyric and acetic acids). Strains were isolated which made a very efficient use of molasses rather than starch. The pH of the medium was controlled by aqueous ammonia rather than by chalk, giving a completely soluble medium suitable for in-line sterilisation. The spent cells recovered at the end of the fermentation were found to be a good source of riboflavin (Vitamin B2), and, after drying, were used as a supplement to animal feeds. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen were collected and sold, and continuous distillation was developed for the solvent recovery. 

Cummins C, Johnson JL (1971) Taxonomy of the clostridia wall composition and DNA homologies in Clostridium butyricum and other butyric acid-producing clostridia. J Gen Microbiol 67 33-46 Dabrock B, Bahl H, Gottschalk G (1992) Parameters affecting solvent production by Clostridium pasteurianum. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 1233-1239... 

Saxena et al., 2009). Among them, K. pneumoniae and C. butyricum are the well-studied microorganisms. Clostridia are generally regarded as safe, but in comparison to Enterobacteriaceae, they are more difficult to handle, as they are obligate anaerobes. Qostridia are also known for their less stringent vitamin and nutritional requirements (Willke and Vorlop, 2004). 

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