Close-coupled atomizer configuration

The injector, when used directly, was not suitable for ACC at high frequencies as it produced very large droplets. To reduce droplet size, a swirl-based atomizer with 300 pm exit diameter [29] was fitted at the fuel jet exit. In this close-coupled configuration, the automotive fuel injector was used as a high-frequency solenoid valve for the fuel line. This new combination actuator improved the overall atomization characteristics while maintaining good frequency... 

The Pauli principle must still operate for molecules and takes the form that n, /, and mi cannot be alike for two electrons unless their spins are antiparallel. However, n and / may not always be defined. Equivalent electrons become defined as those with identical A and closed shells have two electrons for A = 0 (a ) but four electrons for A 7 0. The molecular electronic configurations can then be built up and the possible spectroscopic terms derived by a vector coupling procedure. The small size of closed shells makes this a much simpler exercise than for d or P atomic configurations. Table VIII presents the terms for a selection of configurations. The order of filling orbitals is, however, complicated by the greater number of possibilities and one is restricted to applying some sort of Aufbauprinzip within sets of like molecules only. ... 

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