Cloisite composites

Member Compositional Matrix of Polystyrene (PS) Containing Various Levels of a 3 1 Mass Ratio of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP/PER (3 1)) or a Cloisite 15A Organoclay... 

Figure 10. Composite differential distillation profiles for the 2% Cloisite filled system a virgin state and after 504 hours of aging. Solid, dashed and lines with circle symbols correspond to virgin, N2 aged and air aged samples respectively.

Earlier, Mikhailenko et al. have introduced boron orthophosphate (BPO4) as an inorganic material (Mikhailenko et al. 1998). The composite SPEEK/BPO4 was able to increase the proton conductivity as the water uptake was also increased. There were no reported data on methanol permeability, but it was mentioned that the porosity of the membrane was increased. This chapter continues with more details on the SPEEK modification by using various types of inorganics such as Cloisite 15A, boron orthophosphate, and tungstosilicic acid supported on silica-aluminum oxide. 

Reddy and Das made a silica-supported zirconocene catalyst in situ, by subliming ZrCl4 onto a high surface area silica, then adding NaCp. This catalyst was combined with an organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 20A), mixed with additional MAO (Al/Zr = 500). Propylene polymerization was conducted in the gas phase, at 8 bar and 70°C. Despite the absence of an obvious mechanism for interaction between the catalyst with the clay, or the presence of a solvent to swell the clay, the composite material was claimed to contain delaminated clay on the basis of decreased basal peak intensity in the XRD. The polypropylenes showed low melting points (132°C-134°C) consistent with large amorphous fractions. 

X-ray diffractograms of three-component PE hybrids containing PE- -PMAA and 13wt% Cloisite 20A. The PE- -PMAA composition in the polymer is (from top to bottom) 15,10,6, and 2 wt%. The data for the respective organoclay are shown with the dashed line. The curves are shifted for clarity. (Reprinted from Chrissopoulou, K. et al.. Polymer, 46,12440,2005. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

Fig. 4 WAXD patterns of Qoisite SOB clay and SMPU/clay nanocomposites of different clay contents, dooi = l -8nm is the d-spadng of Cloisite SOB and the numbers refer to the different clay contents in the composites. Reprinted from [77], Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier...

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