Clinical data management systems, extracting

Most clinical data management systems used for clinical trials today store their data in relational database software such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server. A relational database is composed of a set of rectangular data matrices called tables that relate or associate with one another by certain key fields. The language most often used to work with relational databases is structured query language (SQL). The SAS/ACCESS SQL Pass-Through Facility and the SAS/ACCESS LIBNAME engine are the two methods that SAS provides for extracting data from relational databases. 

The operation in many hospitals as we researched is mostly manual works especially in data storage and management. Almost patient-related information as well as management procedures are relies on paper-based system. That is main reason for weak responses of clinics to patient demands and always witnesses the over-crowded circumstances. A few departments nse eomputers to manage information but rather simple and rm-unifonn. Test results are manually extracted from machines by doctors or nurses, then printed out and attached to patient health record books [4,5]. 

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