Climatic changes over the last

Fig. 7.6 The estimated temperature record from a Greenland ice core based on oxygen isotope ratios. 5 O in the layers of ice is a proxy for air temperature over Greenland. The data indicate the abrupt nature of climatic change over the last 100,000 years. The sharp increase in temperature that began ca. 10,000 years ago marks the onset of the current climatic episode known as the Holocene...

Fig- 7.7 Climatic changes over the last 1,400 years revealed in Greenland ice cores document periods of warmer and colder conditions than today. The Medieval Warm Period witnessed the expansion of the Vikings across the North Atlantic while the Little Ice Age documents a time of cooler conditions and declining harvests. The carbon isotope evidence from human tooth enamel shows a shift from terrestrial to marine diet during this period (data from Dansgaard et al. 1975 Arneborg et al. 1999)... 

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