Clay-Energetic Compound Complexes

This characteristic varies by clay type and depends only on surface area and surface charge density. 

Later work showed similar adsorption-desorption behavior for NACs in clay types other than kaolinite. The adsorption constant was found to increase fairly uniformly for all tested NACs in the ratio of 1 6 12 (kaolinite iUite montmoril-lonite). This ratio is quite close to the relative surface areas of the three minerals illite and montmorillonite have 6 and 16 times more available surface area, respectively, than kaolinite (Haderlein, Weissmahr, and Schwarzenbach, 1996). This observation suggests that a similar EDA complexation mechanism controls the adsorption of NACs to these minerals as well. The authors also showed that TNT, 

4- DNT, and various other NACs adsorbed strongly to aU clay surfaces tested, and that the adsorption was completely reversible. Daun et al. (1998) performed similar adsorption experiments on TNT and its metabolites to a montmorillonitic clay. They confirmed that the adsorption of TNT and two of its metabolites, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), was completely reversible, but the adsorption of a third degradation product, 

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