Clarity observing

Replicate samples were also excluded to avoid artificially increasing confidence in the classification functions. The subtraction of these seven replicate samples reduced the data set to 60 samples. For the interest of space and clarity, observations and elements excluded from DFA have been omitted from Tables III-V, but may be obtained from the primary author. After excluding limiting the data set to TMs and REEs common to hematite and without missing values, a subcomposition of 11 elements remained. This data set of 11 elements (Fe, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Sb, La, Sm, and Th) was transformed into 10 log-ratios for the remaining 60 non-replicate samples for discriminant analysis. The TM and REE model included all 10 log-ratios while the TM model excluded the log-ratios of Sb, La, Sm, and Th. Comparison of these two models... 

The tendency to separate is expressed most often by the cloud point, the temperature at which the fuei-alcohol mixture loses its clarity, the first symptom of insolubility. Figure 5.17 gives an example of how the cloud-point temperature changes with the water content for different mixtures of gasoline and methanol. It appears that for a total water content of 500 ppm, that which can be easily observed considering the hydroscopic character of methanol, instability arrives when the temperature approaches 0°C. This situation is unacceptable and is the reason that incorporating methanol in a fuel implies that it be accompanied by a cosolvent. One of the most effective in this domain is tertiary butyl alcohol, TBA. Thus a mixture of 3% methanol and 2% TBA has been used for several years in Germany without noticeable incident. 

The decrease of the PMC signal toward increasing depletion therefore reflects the increasing dynamics of minority carriers passing the space charge layer. No classical electrochemical technique has up to now permitted observation of this phenomenon with such clarity. 

Fig. 28 Raman spectra of polymeric sulfur (S ) prepared by various methods [109,173], of large disordered rings (S ) [182], and of photo-induced amorphous sulfur (a-S) [119], respectively. The spectrum of a-S has been smoothed for clarity. The position of the stretching vibration of a-S is pressure-shifted to higher wavenumbers. The very weak signals in the spectra of Sj, at ca. 150 and 220 cm are probably caused by the presence of Sg. In addition, the weak shoulder at ca. 470 cm observed in spectra of Sj, may originate from Sg, too...

Scheme 2.27 Proposed mechanism to account for the observed regioselectivity in the allylic alkylations catalysed by Fe-NHC complexes. Other co-hgands on Fe are omitted for clarity...

Figure 18.5 Plausible sequence of steps responsible for rapid and selective reduction of O2 to H2O by mixed-valence CcO. The square frames signify the catalytic site (Fig. 18.4c) imidazole ligation of Cub is omitted for clarity in some or aU intermediates, Cub may additionally be ligated by an exogenous ligand, such as H2O (in Cu ) or OH (in Cu ) such ligation is not established, and hence is omitted in all but compound Pm and the putative hydroperoxo intermediate. The dashed frames signify the noncatalytic redox cofactors. Typically used phenomenological names of the spectroscopically observed intermediates (compounds A, E, H, etc.) are also indicated.

QA should ensure that notes and various descriptions (e.g., sampling method, test system observations, etc.) are clear and thorough during the raw data audit. In addition, all audit trails should be checked for clarity and to ensure that each... 

Fig. 20 Variation of the fraction <5 of an electronic charge transferred from B to XY on formation of B- XY with the ionisation energy 7b of B for the series XY = 02, BrO and IO. See text for the method of determination of Si from observed XY nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. The solid curves are the functions <5 = A exp(- al ) that best fit the points for each series B- XY. Data for B- -B are nearly coincident with those of B- BrO and have been excluded for the sake of clarity...

Figure 4.8 Observed % inhibition as a function of [5]// for competitive (closed circles), noncompetitive (a = 1, closed squares) and uncompetitive (open circles) inhibition. Conditions used for simulation Ki = aKi = [/]. Note that the P>]/ATM axis is plotted on a logarithmic scale for clarity. 

Fig. 9 Snapshot of a single crystal of lattice polymers viewed from the chain direction. The bonds are drawn as solid cylinders. The viewing angle is large for better observation of folds. The chain length is 512 units and the thickness of the crystallite is about 12 units. The dissolved chains are not shown for clarity [57]...

Figure 22 Portion of a stack observed in the structure of [137-/i6-Me2S] . Hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. 

Figure 3. Possible isomers of [Rh5(CO)HI]2 that involve apical iodide substitution. Each equatorial rhodium has one terminal CO and each equatorial edge is carbonyl bridged all these COs have been omitted for clarity. Key O, CO , I a, observed and b, not observed.

Fig. 8 Temperature dependence of din f>/d(T 1), i.e., slope of the Arrhenius plot as a function of temperature for (a) (EDT-TTFBr2)FeBr4 at various pressures - the data for 0, 5.8 and 10.1 kbar are vertically shifted up by 60, 40 and 20 K, respectively, for clarity (b) (EDO-TTFBr2)2GaCl4 and (EDO-TTFBr2)2FeCl4 at 11 kbar. TMl and TN are the metal-insulator transition temperature and the Neel temperature, respectively, hi (b) the metal-insulator transition is observed as two separate peaks...

Fig. 1. Schematic of PAF-V. Key DM, drive motor SA, screw assembly RSA, reactant solution A RSB, reactant solution B DS, drive syringes SV, main switching valves PD, photodetector WB, water bath WA, waste FO, focusing optics M, monochrometer RS, receiving syringe DL, deuterium lamp TL, tungsten lamp ACS, adjustable cell support C, mixing/observation cell W, quartz windows A, reactant A entrance to cell B, reactant B entrance to cell E, product exit from cell RCS, rigid cell support T, a portion of the 4.6 m of coiled tubing not shown for clarity. Reproduced from Ref. (1) by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Ordered LEED patterns were evident on all three surfaces. A Cu(100)(/2X/2)R45°-C1 was observed with IEED, the same pattern present on the surface before immersion, but with a slight increase in spot diffuseness. A 28% decrease in Cl Auger current was observed and was responsible for the degradation in LEED pattern clarity. It... 

It is readily recognized that the conformation in which the lone pair is equatorial corresponds to an anti-arrangement of the carbon lone pair in relation to the adjacent S—C bond (darkened for the sake of clarity) and the axial case a syn orientation. Based on our approach, we would predict that the carbanion with the lone pair equatorial will be the most stable conformation. This is indeed observed experimentally361. ... 

Figure 13. Packing arrangement of N-( -cinnamoyl)-(S)-alanine delineated by the faces observed in the pure crystal (a) for clarity, only three molecules shown (b) complete arrangement.

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