Citrate, imaging

Kanner RE, Barkman HW Jr, Rom WN, Taylor AT Jr (1985) Gallium-67 Citrate Imaging in Underground Coal Miners. Am J Ind Med 8 49-55... 

Na Mc O, are used for imaging of the thyroid gland. GaUium-67-citrate [41183-64-6] is used for tumor imaging. Several other appHcations of nuclear... 

Figure 26.12 An image of citrate synthase, downloaded from the Protein Data Bank.

Fig. 9 Rate of hydrogen generation from nanotube arrays films of different lengths annealed at 530 °C. Electrode area of 1 cm 100 mW/cm visible light. In the inset FESEM cross-sectional image of 2.8 um long Xi02 nanotube array prepared by anodic oxidation of a titanium foil in an electrolyte containing potassium fluoride (KF 0.1 M), sodium hydrogen sulfate (1 M), trisodium citrate (0.2 M) and sodium hydroxide. Elaborated from Grimes et...

Y. Kawamura, O. Matsui, Large scale clinical evaluation of bow/el contrast agent containing ferric ammonium citrate in MRI, Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (1994) 837-846. 

Fig. 3.5 TEM image of Au film-on-glass immersed for 3 min in a solution of PbAc2 (60 mM) and trisodium citrate (160 mM) at pH 10.8. Electron diffraction showed the black crystals to be hydrated lead oxide. 

The search continues for a general tumor-scanning agent. Although several radionuclides have been found to localize tumors of widely different types and regions of the body, current interest is in the use of 67 Ga-citrate, which is undergoing a wide clinical trial and may prove to be useful in the localization of lymphomas as well as some adenocarcinomas. Medical imaging techniques arc discussed in several articles of this encyclopedia. Consult alphabetical index. 

Blood pool imaging I Distribution of labelled blood Citrate + cells 636... 

Eu(Tc)(cit) is 1 1 2 in this case. The fluorescence intensity of the 615-nm emission line of [Eu(Tc)(cit)2 ] is 22 times stronger than that of [Eu(Tc)]. Citrate, as a polydentate ligand, can chelate the Eu3+ ion via the oxygen atoms of its carboxy and hydroxy groups. It is assumed that citrate displaces water molecules which ligate to the 8- and/or 9-coordination sites of the Eu3+ ion and quench its fluorescence. Table 5 summarizes the luminescence properties of the [Eu(Tc)] complex (1 1 stoichiometry) and the corresponding chelate complexes with the intermediates of the citrate cycle. Citrate concentrations can be imaged with this luminescent probe by means of the RLI method (Fig. 15) [107]. 

Fig. 15 Fluorescence imaging of citrate in a microtiter plate via the EuTc probe by rapid lifetime determination (in false colors). The concentration of EuTc is 50 pmol I. 1 throughout citrate concentrations (from left to right) are 0, 0.16, 0.4, 1.0, 1.6, 4.0, 10.0, 16.0, 20., 40.0, 60.0 and 80.0 pmol L-1...

Fig. 16 a Fluorescence images of intermediates of the Krebs cycle, b Relative fluorescence intensities of the respective EuTc-L complexes at different lag times. The concentration of EuTc is 50 ixrnolL-1, the concentration of the ligands citrate, isocitrate, ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, L-malate, and oxaloacetate is 150 imol L 1 throughout. F0 and F are the fluorescence intensities of EuTc and the EuTc-L complex, respectively... 

Lin Z (2004) Time-resolved fluorescence-based europium-derived probes for peroxidase bioassays, citrate cycle imaging and chirality sensing. PhD thesis, University of Regensburg... 

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