Circumpolar distribution

The objective of this preliminary study was to assess levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in two species of epilithic macrolichens Usnea aurantiacoatra (only found in maritime Antarctica) and Usnea antarctica (found in maritime and continental Antarctica) (57). Usnea antarctica has an antarctic circumpolar distribution continental and subantarctic regions. New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego (58). Table 6.9 shows the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in specimens of the Antarctic lichens Usnea aurantiacoatra and Usnea antarctica in areas close to Jubany Station. Two different trends of trace metals accumulation have been identified, namely ... 

This paper presents (1) laboratory and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of development and larval release, and (2) laboratory and field data on settlement in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833). It is large (up to 55 mm length), with a circumpolar distribution, and can be locally extremely abundant. Previous work has shown L. uva has very low metabolic rates (e.g. Peck, 1989), and grows slowly, living more than 55 years (Peck, 1997 Peck and Brey,... 

T.E. Laing, J.P. Smol (2000). Factors influencing diatom distributions in circumpolar... 

Fig. 1.19 Distribution of major sediment facies across the frontal system of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) between Africa and Antarctica. Numbers are typical sedimentation rates in mm kyh PF = Polar Front, SAF = Sub Antarctic Front, STF = Subtropical Front.

Pedersen MB, Hansen JC, Mulvad G, Pedersen HS, Gregersen M and Danscher G (1999) Mercury accumulations in brains from populations exposed to high and low dietary levels of methyl mercury. Concentration, chemical form and distribution of mercury in brain samples from autopsies. Int J Circumpolar Health 58 96-107. 

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Note that 8Nd is -13.5 in NADW, and °Be/ Be is c. 0.5 x 10. In the southern circumpolar water is -9, and Be/ Be is 1 X 10. °Be/ Be, and in particular 8Nd mimic the shape of salinity. Incorporation of these tracers into the sediment at a given location potentially provides information on the distribution and mixing of water masses at this location back through time. 

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