Circulating temperature

Surface-measured density Loss In density per 100°F rise In average circulating temperature above surface-measured temperature ... 

This system is similar to a cold oil ring main but includes provision for heaters in the circuit to maintain oil temperature between minimum handling and atomizing levels. This provides a reduction in oil viscosity and reduces pipe friction. The circulation temperature of the oil should... 

Another method of sand control is use of a silicon halide which reacts with water at the surface of sand grains forms SiO which can bond the grains together (55). Reducing the cost of sand consolidation could be very useful since the applicability of gravel packing methods is limited by the bottom hole circulating temperature and the limited temperature stability of polysaccharide polymers. 

Understanding a groundwater system includes knowledge of the depth of circulation. Temperature can supply this information the temperature of rocks is observed to increase with depth and the same holds true for water kept in rock systems—the deeper water is stored, the warmer is it when it issues from a spring or well (section 4.7). 

The temperature (F) is measured in Fahrenheit, and depth d) in feet. This static temperature is that temperature, where the CBS will be placed and will set. The actual circulating temperature is considered to be the average of the downhole temperature and the surface temperature ... 

The pressure vessel is thermostated with a close-fitting outer jacket (not shown), sealed with 0-rings, and fed with water from a circulating temperature controller. Alternatively, and less conveniently, the vessel may be immersed in a thermostated oil bath. 

The simplest model for droplet evaporation is based on an equilibrium uniform-state model for an isolated droplet [28-30]. Miller et al. [31] investigated different models for evaporation accounting for nonequilibrium effects. Advanced models considering internal circulation, temperature variations inside the droplet, and effects of neighboring droplets [30] may alter the heating rate (Nusselt number) and the vaporization rates (Sherwood number). For the uniform-state model, the Lagrangian equations governing droplet temperature and mass become [28-30]... 

Action of the executor mechanism Mode damper wind to the person Circulation damper internal circulation Temperature damper cold end Wind amount the maximum Compressor enabled... 

Mode damper wind to the feet and defrost Circulation damper external circulation Temperature damper in the middle Wind amount small Compressor off... 

The instrument for determination of shear moduli was a Rheometric Scientific dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer, model DMTA V. Round shear sandwich geometry was used. The instrument was inverted so that the sandwich fixtures and sample were in water. A water-jacketed 1000 mL Pyrex cylinder supplied by Rheometric Scientific allowed control of temperature with a circulating temperature bath. A sinusoidal linear shear was applied by moving a flat plate between two identical disk-shaped samples over a specified range of frequencies. The two identical disk-shaped samples were sandwiched between the moving plate and two 12 mm diameter plates (called studs) fastened to a frame. The dynamic frequency sweeps to obtain the loss shear modulus, G", from 0.16 Hz to 318 Hz were reported in log scale. For our purposes the applied initial static force was 0.05 N. Sample size was 12 mm diameter and 0.7 mm thickness. The sample was equilibrated at 40°C for 12 hours prior to starting the series of measurements. Shear moduli were measured from high to low temperature with an equilibration time of 2 hours at each temperature. The sequence of measurements was 40°C, 30°C, 25°C, and 15°C. 

Circulation, temperature and velocity of the heating/ cooling media can be carefully controlled. 

When using certain gases, it is desirable to maintain them at a set temperature for reasons related to the process and for safety. To do this, there are a number of different types of chillers and heaters. Circulating temperature controllers, use a temperature controlled liquid that is circulated through clam shell t)q)e jackets or coils placed around the cylinder. This type of system can have the actual control unit in a remote location and can easily be used in areas classified as hazardous. Another t5q)e controls the temperature of the air that is circulated through the cabinet. The air either transfers to or absorbs heat from the cylinder. Also available to heat cylinders are electrical resistance t5q)e devices. Some of these electrical devices cannot be installed into areas classified as hazardous. 

The simplest dilution refrigerator may be operated as a single cycle. The He-" He mixture is condensed into the mixing chamber, precooled, and then circulated. Temperatures of 4-5 mK have been obtained with such a device since heat is not added continuously with the liquid feed. ... 

In the slui ry steam or gas pressurizer (a) slurry at circulating temperature sweeps the liottom of the pressurizer tank, preventing the formation of cakes. Two nozzle arrangements are shown. The baffles are used to minimize turbulence and mixing in the system. 

Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra were recorded using a Perkin-Elmer Model 559 Spectrophotometer using a 1 cm quartz cell. The temperature of the cell compartment was kept constant, with a Precision Scientific Model 66600 circulating temperature bath, at 25 C. Proton NMR spectra were obtained using an Hitachi Perkin-Elmer R-24B NMR spectrometer. 

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