Cineol, 1,8-, basil

Essential oils have also been shown to be useful for the delivery and to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Recently, a patent was granted that describes a method for increasing the bioavailability of an orally administered hydrophobic pharmaceutical compound by coadministration with an essential oil (anise, basil, bergamot, etc.) [214]. In addition, the results of an investigation were reported recently on the use of oil-water microemulsions for the transdermal absorption of nifedipine, which employed essential oils (ylang ylang oil, lavender oil, cinnamon oil) and natural materials [cineole (88), menthone (50), menthol (41)] as lipophilic skin penetration enhancers [215]. 

Models Based on a Desorption-Dissolution-Diffusion Mechanism in a Porous Sphere. The precursor of these models was the application by Bartle et. al [20] of the Pick s law of diflusion (or the heat conduction equation, i.e. the Fourier equation) to SFE of spherical particles. In doing so they had to assume an initial uniform distribution of the material extracted (in this specific case 1-8 cineole) from rosemary particles. Since Pick s law of difiusion from a sphere is analogous to a cooling hot ball (Crank [21] vs Carslaw and Jaeger [22]), this type of models have been considered to be analogous to heat transfer. This model was also used by Reverchon and his co-workers [23] and [24] to SFE of basil, rosemary and marjoram with some degree of success. 

Stimulant oils included jasmine, patchouli, ylangylang, basil, and rosemary active components included fenchone, 1,8 cineole, isoborneol, and orange terpenes (Lis-Balchin, 2006). There was considerable similarity in the sedative and stimulant effects of some essential oils studied physi ologically (e.g., their effect on smooth muscle of the guinea pig in vitro) and in various psychologi cal assessments, mostly on humans (Lis-Balchin, 2006). 

It contains limonene, citral, citroneUal, cineol, and a little thymol, as well as other undetermined phenolic constituents. Unlike other Indian basil oils, it contained no methyl-chavicol. 

Determination of the following constituents are specifically mentioned in some monographs for quality assessment of the essential oils that will be discussed subsequently anethole in anise and star anise oils carvone in caraway, dill, and spearmint oils 1,8-cineole in cardamom, rosemary, and sage oils and linalool in coriander and basil oils. 

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