Cilia effective stroke

Figure 9.5 Diagram showing the character of the effective stroke (a) and the recovery stroke (b) of a cilium. The mucus blanket (c) is always propelled in the same direction as the effective stroke (d)...

At the end of the effective stroke the cilium disengages from the mucus gel and enters the rest phase where it lies parallel to the epithelium pointing in the direction of mucus flow. This position is believed to discourage any reversal of mucus movement. 

The cilium unrolls within the periciliary fluid ready for the next effective stroke. Undergoing the recovery stroke beneath the mucus layer prevents retrograde mucus transport (Figure 9.5). 

To take up the questions raised in this book, one would need to find papers with titles such as Twelve Intermediate Steps Leading to the Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center, A Proto-Cilium Could Generate a Power Stroke Sufficient to Turn a Cell by Ten Degrees, Intermediates in Adenosine Biosynthesis Effectively Mimic Adenosine Itself in RNA Function, and A Primitive Clot Made of Randomly Aligned Fibers Would Block Circulation in Veins Smaller Than 0.3 Millimeters. But the papers are missing. Nothing remotely like this has been published. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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