Chronic kidney disease tubular proteinuria

Rosuvastatin (crestor) is available in doses ranging between 5 and 40 mg. It has a t of 20—30 hours and may be taken at any time of day. Since experience with rosuvastatin is more limited, treatment should be initiated with 5-10 mg daily, increasing stepwise if needed. If the combination of gemfibrozil with rosuvastatin is used, the dose of rosuvastatin should not exceed 10 mg. Rosuvastatin at a dose of 80 mg (dose not approved by the FDA) was noted to cause proteinuria and hematuria and isolated cases of renal failure. Other statins have also been observed to cause proteinuria, apparently by inhibiting tubular protein reabsorption. Whether statin-induced proteinuria is harmful or beneficial, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease, remains to be determined. 

After chronic exposure, cadmium accumulates in the human body and causes kidney diseases, especially lesions of proximal tubular cells. A tubular proteinuria causes an increase in urinary excretion of microproteins. Excretions of retinol binding protein (RBP), (32-microglobulin ((32-M), and a 1-microglobulin are validated biomarkers for analyzing cadmium effects. For this purpose, immunological procedures such as ELISA, and radio- and latex-immunoassays are used. 

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