Chromophore structures, dendrimer polymers

Chromophore-containing dendritic structures have emerged as an alternative solution to achieve spherical shape modification of chromophores [108], In spite of any conventional EO polymer, the void-containing structure of dendrimers provides the site isolation needed for chromophores to independently reorient under the external poling field [109]. Moreover, these dendritic materials possess a mono-disperse and well-defined globular geometry. Their structure is synthetically controllable in size and shape, allowing wide control over solubility, processability, viscosity, and stability. 

Dendrimers are a class of macromolecules with a precisely controllable branched structure, consisting of three structural units a core, a hyperbranched scaffold and an external surface [16]. Dendrimers have been shown to possess unusual physical and chemical properties that differ significantly from those of linear oligomers and polymers. By using a fluorescent chromophore as the core of a dendrimer, one can apply fluorescence spectroscopy to study stmctural aspects and the conformational mobility of dendrimers in solution [17, 18]. At the same time, the dendritic shell provides a unique nanometer-sized environment for the spatial isolation of the chromophore, making them interesting materials for investigations by SMS. The synthesis of dendrimers with fluorescent chromophores attached to the rim serves as an efficient way to obtain a weU-defined number of chromophores in a confined volume [19-25]. Not only can the number of chromophores be easily controlled. 

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