Cholinesterases engineered

Schwarz, M., Glick, D., Loewenstein, Y., Soreq, H. (1995). Engineering of human cholinesterases explains and predicts... 

Saxena, A., Ashani, Y., Raveh, L., Stevenson, D., Patel, T., Doctor, B.P. (1998). Role of oligosaccharides in the pharmacokinetics of tissue-derived and genetically engineered cholinesterases. Mol. Pharmacol. 53 112-22. 

Nachon, R, Carletti, E., Wandhammer, M., et al, 2011. X-ray crystallographic snapshots of reaction intermediates in the G117H mutant of human butyryl-cholinesterase, a nerve agent target engineered into a catalytic bioscavenger. Biochem. J. 434, 73-82. 

Kirby, S., Norris, J., Bahnson, B., et al., 2012. An engineered mutant of human platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase hydrolyzes organophosphorus nerve agents. Communic. 11th International Meeting on Cholinesterases,... 

The Novichok class of agents were reportedly developed in an attempt to circumvent the Chemical Weapons Treaty (chemical weapons are banned on the basis of chemical structure and therefore a new chemical agent is not subject to past treaties). They have reportedly been engineered to be imdetectable by standard detection equipment and to defeat standard chemical protective gear. Like other nerve agents, the Novichok agents act by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. 

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