Chloroplasts genome

In the Petit Havana transgenic lines, chloroplast genome homoplasmy occurred in the first generation, and this corresponded to the highest level of IFNa2b expression. ELISAs revealed IFNa2b levels of up to 18.8% TSP in Petit Havana and up to 12.5% TSP in LAMD-609. 

DeGray, G., Rajusokaran, K., Smith, F., Sanford, J., and Daniell, H. (2001). Expression of an antimicrobial peptide via the chloroplast genome to control phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. Plant Physiol. 127 852-862. 

Kumar, S. and Daniell, H. (2004). Engineering the chloroplast genome for hyperexpression of human therapeutic antigens. InRecombinant Gene Expression. Methods Molecular Biology, volume 267. New York Springer. 

The 100- to 160-kb chloroplast genomes (Chapter 23, Section E,2) also have many prokaryotic features. They encode 50 proteins as well as the tRNAs and rRNAs. Promoter and terminator sequences resemble those of bacteria and protein sequences are often homologous to those in bacteria. This applies, for example, to the a, (3, and (3 subunits of RNA polymerase.685... 

Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts require their own separate genetic systems when other organelles that share the same cytoplasm, such as peroxisomes and lysosomes, do not ... The reason for such a costly arrangement is not clear, and the hope that the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes would provide the answer has proved unfounded. We cannot think of compelling reasons why the proteins made in mitochondria and chloroplasts should be made there rather than in the cytosol . 

Allen JF (1993a) Control of gene-expression by redox potential and the requirement for chloro-plast and mitochondrial genomes. J Theor Biol 165 609-631 Allen JF (1993b) Redox control of gene-expression and the function of chloroplast genomes -an hypothesis. Photosynth Res 36 95-102... 

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