Chloroplast electron micrograph

FIGURE 22.1 Electron micrograph of a representative chloroplast. (James Dennis/CNRI/Phototake NYC)... 

Fig. 8.2 HSA accumulation in transgenic chloroplasts. (A-C) Electron micrographs of immunogold-labeled tissues from untransformed leaves (A) and mature leaves transformed with the chloroplast vector pLDApsbAHSA (B-C). Magnifications A x 10000 B x 5000 C x 6300.

FIGURE 19-38 Chloroplast. (a) Schematic diagram, (b) Electron micrograph at high magnification showing grana, stacks of thylakoid membranes. 

Figure 1-7 Electron micrograph of a thin section of a young epidermal cell of a sunflower. The tissue was fixed and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Clearly visible are the nucleus (N), mitochondria (M), chloroplasts (C), a Golgi body dictyosome (G), endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole (V), cell wall, plasmodesmata, and cuticle (upper right, thin dark layer). Micrograph courtesy of H. T. Horner.

Figure 23-19 (A) Electron micrograph of alfalfa leaf chloroplast. Courtesy of Harry T. Homer, Jr., Iowa State University. (B) Schematic drawing of a chloroplast. From Hall and Rao227 (C) Enlargement of a portion of (A) to show grana stacks more clearly.

Shimokawa e t a l. ( 16 ) examined the changes in chloroplast structure induced by ethylene in satsuma mandarin. Electron micrographs showed peel of ethylene-treated fruit had fewer chloroplasts and of smaller size. The inner membrane system of the chloroplasts was found to disintegrate prior to the breakdown of other cell structures. 

Figure 4. Electron micrograph of longitudinal sections of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. A. Control cell B. Cell treated 1 h with 1.0-1.5 g/ml nonylphenol C. Chloroplast d. dichtyosome f. flagella m. mitochondrion mi. microtubules n. nucleus p. pyrenoid pi. plasmalemma.

Fig. 4A-C. Electron micrographs of thin sections of pak-bung hairy roots A photomixotro-phic hairy roots obtained from a 13 days culture in light at 7=11.1 W nr2) B, C photo-autotrophic hairy roots cultivated in the sucrose-free medium with 3.0% C02-enriched air supply for 30 days using conical flasks illuminated at 7= 11 W m-2 and shaken at 100 rpm. The abbreviations of 1-3 indicates a chloroplast-like structure with thylakoid membranes and grana stacks (1), chloroplasts (2) and cell walls (3), respectively...

Fig. 4. (a) Electron micrograph of the thylakoid membranes of maize chloroplasts kindly provided by Dr. D.J. Goodchild, and (b) a diagrammatic representation of the appressed membranes and the non-appressed regions which are directly exposed to the stromal phase of the chloroplast. 

Figure 19.1. Electron Micrograph of a Chloroplast from a Spinach Leaf. The thylakoid membranes pack together to formgrana. [Courtesy of Dr. Kenneth Miller.]...

Electron micrograph of a chloroplast. The thylakoid membranes course throughout the stroma of a chloroplast from a cell of Phleum pratense, a grass. The dark areas of stacked thylakoid membrane are grana. Several large starch granules, which store the newly synthesized glucose, are also obvious. [Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers.]... 

Fig. 13. Thylakoid-membrane structure. (A) a (spinach) leaf and (B) a cross-sectional view of the leaf (C) an electron micrograph of a single chloroplast and (O ) a sketch showing idealized structure of a chloroplast (D) magnified view of a portion of the chloroplast interior and (O ) a sketch showing a portion of the thylakoids. See text for discussion. (C) and (D) kindly furnished by Dr. Andrew Staehelin (D ) from Anderson and Beardall (1991) Molecular Activities of Plant Cells. An Introduction to Plant Biochemistry, p 42. Blackwell Sci Publ.

Fig. 19. Chloroplast thylakoid-membrane structure revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The oxygen-evolving (BBY) PS-II particle its preparation (A) and electron micrographs (B). The inside-out and rightside-out vesicles preparation, structure, and properties (C) and electron micrographs (D). Figure source (A) and (B) Dunahay, Staehelin, Seibert, Ogilvie and Berg (1984) Structural, biochemical and biophysical characterization of four oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparations from spinach. Biochim Biophys Acta 764 190, 185 (C) and (D) from Andersson and Akerlund (1978) Inside-out membrane vesicles isolated from spinach thylakoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 503 465, 468. Figure (B) kindly furnished by Dr. Andrew Staehelin.

Figure 20.8 Electron micrograph of a peroxisome nestled between two chloroplasts. [Courtesy of Dr. Sue Ellen Frederick.]...

Chloroplasts have inner and outer membranes. A third membrane forms within the aqueous, enzyme-rich stroma into flattened sacs called thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. Unstacked, connecting thylakoid membrane is referred to as stroma lamellae, (a) An electron micrograph of a chloroplast, (b) a diagrammatic view of a chloroplast,... 

Supercoiling has been observed experimentally in naturally occurring DNA. Particularly strong evidence has come from electron micrographs that clearly show coiled structures in circular DNA from a number of different sources, including bacteria, viruses, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Ultracentrifugation can be used to detect supercoiled DNA because it sediments more rapidly than the relaxed form. (See Section 9.5 for a discussion of ultracentrifugation.)... 

Danks, S. M., E. H. Evans, and P. A. Whittaker. Photosynthetic Systems Structure, Function, and Assembly. New York Wiley, 1983. [A short book with excellent electron micrographs of chloroplasts and related structures in Chapter 1.]... 

FIGURE 1 Electron micrographs of mesophyll chloroplasts of somatic hybrids. 

---