Chlorine nitrate stratospheric chemistry

Chlorine nitrate and bromine nitrate are recognized as key species in the chemistry of the stratosphere. In... 

Haas, B.-M., K. C. Crellin, K. T. Kuwata, and M. Okumura, Reaction of Chloride Ions with Chlorine Nitrate and Its Implications for Stratospheric Chemistry, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 6740-6745 (1994). 

Inevitably, the chemistry of the stratospheric ozone layer is more complicated than reactions 8.2-8.8 suggest.24 First, it has been found that HC1 and C10N02 (chlorine nitrate) serve as chlorine reservoirs in stratospheric... 

F. S. Rowland, Chlorofluorocarbons and the depletion of stratospheric ozone Am. Sci. 77, 36-45 (1989) T.-L. Tso, L. T. Molina, and F. C.-Y. Wang, Antarctic stratospheric chemistry of chlorine nitrate, hydrogen chloride and ice release of active chlorine. Science 238, 1253-1260 (1987) J. G- Anderson, D. W. Toohey, and W. H. Brune, Free radicals within the Antarctic vortex the role of CFCs in Antarctic ozone loss. Science 251, 39-46 (1991) P. S. Zurer, Complexities of ozone loss continue to challenge scientists. Chem. Eng. News June 12, 20-23 (1995). 

Nitrogen oxide, formed by photofragmentation of N02 or chlorine nitrate (C10N02), hydroxyl radicals and some other reactive species are also responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion. These compounds may have both natural and anthropogenic (combustion, etc.) origin. Atmospheric chemistry also takes place in aerosol particles, cloud droplets1370 and ice crystals.1371,1372... 

Molina, M. J., T-L. Tso, L.T. Mohna, and F.C.-Y. Wang, Antarctic stratospheric chemistry of chlorine nitrate, hydrogen chloride, and ice Release of active chlorine,... 

Chlorine nitrate CIONO2 and bromine nitrate B1ONO2 are important reservoir molecules formed by the chain termination reactions, CIO + NO2 and BrO + NO2, in the CIO and BrOx cycles in the stratosphere, respectively. Iodine nitrate IONO2 plays a similar role in the in the iodine chemistry in the troposphere. 

Let us now return to the chemistry associated with the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Most of the chlorine and chlorine oxide released into the stratosphere by Reactions (7.34) and (7.35) are quickly tied up in reservoirs as hydrogen chloride and chloride nitrate by the reactions... 

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