Chlorine, lubricating films from

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) tests were conducted on surfaces lubricated with a sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive, dibenzyl sulfide (Baldwin, 1976 Bird and Galvin, 1976). The films can arise from the use of additives that contain sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine, or boron and the differences in reactivity are affected by the formation of protective layers. Triboinduced electrons are said to activate the formation of iron halides, iron phosphates and iron sulfides (Dorison and Ludema, 1985 Grunberg, 1966 Kajdas, 2001 McFadden et al., 1998 ). When a chemical reaction takes place, e.g., oxygen interacts with aluminum to form aluminum oxide, a large oxygen peak is seen at approximately 500 eV in the Auger electron spectra (Benndorf et al., 1977 Nakayama et al., 1995). 

Chloride interaction films were studied with the Bowden-Leben friction apparatus by Gregory [62]. Steel surfaces were treated with dry chlorine and then a slider was passed over the resulting film, either in the dry condition or lubricated with paraffin oil. Also, steel and platinum, coated with films of FeCl evaporated from ether solution, were rubbed in the presence of paraffin oil. Figure 10-18 shows the behavior... 

---