Chloric acid, naming

Charles, Jacques, 57 Charles law, 58 Chemical bonding, see Bonding Chemical bonds, see Bond Chemical change, 38 Chemical energy, 119 Chemical equations, see Equations Chemical equilibrium, law of, 152 Chemical formulas, see Formula Chemical kinetics, 124 Chemical reactions, see Reactions Chemical stability, 30 Chemical symbols, 30 not from common names, 31 see inside back cover Chemotherapy, 434 Chlorate ion, 360 Chloric acid, 359 Chlorides chemistry of, 99 of alkali metals, 93,103 of third-row elements, 103 Chlorine... 

History. Some traditional names (a selection is in [Table 1-4]) were introduced by Lavoisier. Under his system, oxoacids were given a two-word name, the second word being acid. In the first word, the endings -ous or -ic were added to the stem of the name, intended to indicate the content of oxygen, which is known today to be related to the oxidation states of the central atom. Unfortunately, these endings do not describe the same oxidation states in dilTerent families of acids. Thus sulfurous acid und sulfuric acid refer to oxidation stales IV and VI, whereas chlorous acid and chloric acid refer to oxidation states 111 and V. 

Self-Test D.1B Write (a) the name of H3P04 and (b) the formula of chloric acid. 

List the names and formulas of the common strong acids. 18. Write equations for the ionization of the following acids (a) hydrochloric acid, (b) nitric acid, (c) chloric acid. 

FOLLOW-UP PROBLEM 2.10 Write the formula for the name or name for the formula of each acid (a) chloric acid (b) HF (c) acetic acid (d) sulfurous acid (e) HBrO. 

When a compound body possesses a sour taste, reddens vegetable blue colours, and neutralises alkalies, it is called an acid. If composed of oxygen united to a metalloid, such as carbon, or a metal, such as chromium, the acid is simply named from the metalloid or metal, as carbonic acid, chromic acid. But if the acid contains hydrogen united to a metalloid, the word hydro is prefixed as hydro-chloric acid (hydrogen and chlorine), hydro-sulphuric acid (hydrogen and sulphur), c. 

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) calcium sulfide and calcium hydrogen sulfide, (b) hydrobromic acid and bromic acid, (c) aluminum nitride and aluminum nitrite, (d) iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide, (e) ammonia and ammonium ion, (f) potassium sulfite and potassium bisulfite, (g) mercurous chloride and mercuric chloride, (h) chloric acid and perchloric add. 

When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms an oxoacid with the same oxidation number as the nonmetal. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids (a) hypochlorous acid (b) chlorous acid (c) chloric acid (d) perchloric acid (e) sulfuric acid (f) sulfurous acid (g) nitric acid (h) nitrous acid (i) carbonic acid (j) phosphoric acid. 

To illustrate with a different acid, chloric acid, HCIO3, without the hydrogen is CIO3. The difference is one hydrogen, so the charge on the ion is 1— C103. To get the name, change chloric acid to chlorate ion, -ic —> -ate. 

Thought process. Bromic acid corresponds with the memorized -ic acid, chloric acid, HClOj. The acid and ion formulas come from substituting Br for Cl in the corresponding chlorine formulas. The anion name for an -ic acid is the name of the central element changed to end in -ate. 

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