Penicillins Chloramphenicol

Borrelia recurrentis Doxycycline Erythromycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin... 

Park and Strominger noticed the accumulation of a C3didine derivative in cultures of Staphylococcus aureus which had been inhibited by chloramphenicol, penicillin, or Crystal Violet. This cytidine derivative has been identified by Baddiley s group as cytidine ribitol pyrophosphate. Since these inhibitors affect the cell-wall synthesis, the data lend support to the belief that the cytidine compound is involved in the biosynthesis of a cell-wall constituent, and a likely candidate would be ribitol teichoic acid. 

Cephalosporins - third generation Chloramphenicol Penicillin G Corticosteroids ( ) [13]... 

In order to prevent veterinary dmgs from being transported to the human food chain, radioisotopic immunoassays were developed to monitor veterinary antibiotics such as penicillin and chloramphenicol [56-75-7] C22H22Cl2N20, in meat, milk, and eggs (qv) (see ANTIBIOTICS Meatproducts Milk AND MILKPRODUCTS). 

Antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and antifungals ... 

Warfarin sodium Benzal acetophenone Alkofanone Benzaldehyde Butalamlne HCI Chloramphenicol Fenipentol Isocarboxazid Oxacillin sodium Penicillin G benzathine Phenylpropanolamine HCI Tripelennamine Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin Ethotoin... 

In some infections the pathogenic organisms are located intracellularly within phagocytic cells and, therefore, remain relatively protected from drugs which penetrate cells poorly, such as the penicillins and cephalosporins. In contrast, erythromycin, rifampicin and chloramphenicol readily penetrate phagocytic cells. Legionnaires disease is an example of an intracellular infection and is treated with rifampicin and/or erythromycin. 

Chloramphenicol may be used in place of penicillin G. Several third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime) approved for the treatment of meningitis are acceptable alternatives to penicillin G (Table 36-5). Meropenem and fluoroquinolones are suitable alternatives for treatment ofpenidUin-nonsusceptible meningococci. 

Vancomycin0 plus cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (A-lll) Cefepime (B-ll), meropenem (B-ll), moxilioxacin (B-ll), linezolid (C III) Penicillin G or ampicillin gentamicin0 (A-lll) Cefotaxime (B-lll), ceftriaxone (B III), chloramphenicol (B III)... 

Penicillin resistant Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (A-lll) Chloramphenicol (A-lll), meropenem (A-lll), fluoroquinolone (A-lll) ... 

Separation of neomycin from chloramphenicol, tetracycline and penicillin... 

Fig. 1 Chemical structures of some of the most important antibiotics used nowadays divided into the most representative families fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, penicillins, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Another important antibiotic, chloramphenicol, is also shown...

Penicillin antibiotics must be used with caution because some strains of Bacillus anthracis possess an enzyme that inactivates penicillin. Other antimicrobial agents can be used as alternatives if the listed drugs are unavailable or in short supply. These include erythromycin, imipenem, clindamycin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol.3... 

Various microbiological processes are used in the production of a number of antibiotics, for instance penicillins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and streptomycins. The major areas of such operations being ... 

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