Chlor-alkali process anode reaction

In the chlor-alkali process, an aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolyzed to give CI2, H2, and NaOH, according to the following anode and cathode reactions ... 

Figure 21.17 shows the mercury cell used in the chlor-alkali process. The cathode is a hquid mercury pool at the bottom of the cell, and the anode is made of either graphite or titanium coated with platinum. Brine is continuously passed through the cell as shown in the diagram. The electrode reactions are... 

The reaction at the positively charged anode is the same for all three chlor-alkali processes... 

The chlorine evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction at the anode and the cathode, respectively, in a chlor-alkali cell are controlled by the electrochemical and/or chemical steps rather than by mass transfer. However, the transport phenomena across the separator, either a porous diaphragm or an ion-exchange membrane, are governed by the solution flow near the surface. The disproportionation reaction of hypochlorites in a chlorate cell is diffusion-controlled process. Consequently, knowledge... 

Paired synthesis. Paired electrochemical syntheses are processes in which both the anode and cathode reactions simultaneously contribute to the formation of the final products. The classic example is the simultaneous production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide in the chlor-alkali industry. Paired electrosynthesis can be generally classified in terms of the following ... 

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