Chisholm equation

An equation for use with venturi meters was given by Chisholm [Br Chem. Eng., 12, 454—457 (1967)]. A procedure for determining steam quahty via pressure-drop measurement with upflow through either venturi meters or sharp-edged orifice plates was given By Colhus and Gacesa [J. Basic Eng., 93, 11-21 (1971)]. 

Another modification of the Lockhart-Martinelli approach has been proposed by Chisholm and Laird (C4) to account for the effect of pipe roughness. For the turbulent-turbulent region, it is suggested that the Lockhart-Martinelli correlations, which were presented graphically, can be represented by the equation... 

Chisholm and Laird also measured and correlated the in situ volume-fraction of liquid with an equation of the general form. 

Referring to Fig. 8, from a force balance between sections 0 and 3, Laird and Chisholm derived Equation (51) foe., a single slug rising in still liquid,... 

The carboxylate dimers resemble, in some ways, the dimeric alkoxides with multiple metal-metal bonds. This chemistry has been extensively developed by Chisholm and coworkers. These complexes react with CO to cleave the metal metal bond, as shown in equation (36). 

The most widely used method for estimating the pressure drop due to friction is that proposed by Lockhart and Martinelli [1949] and subsequently improved by Chisholm [1967]. It is based on a physical model of separated flow in which each phase is considered separately and then the interaction effect is introduced. In this method, the two phase pressure drop due to friction (—ApTp), is expressed in terms of dimensionless drag ratios, defined by the following equations ... 

Further correction is needed if the densities of the two phases are appreciably different Irom those of air and water [Chisholm, 1967]. Extensive comparisons between the predictions of equation (4.19) and experimental values embracing all the four regimes show satisfactory agreement [Chhabra and Richardson, 1986]. 

The relationship between and can be obtained from the widely used Chisholm s equation [64] ... 

Cationic platinum(II) acetylene complexes react with a variety of nucleophiles. Chisholm and Clark showed that the reaction of methanol with coordinated disubsti-tuted acetylenes (generated in situ) affords trans u-bonded vinyl ether complexes (Equation 11.35). The trans stereochemistry of the cr-vinyl group of the product suggests that the nucleophilic attack occurs external to the metal and does not involve prior coordination of methanol, Reger has shown that stable cationic iron-alkyne complexes undergo reaction with a wide variety of nucleophiles to give stable cr-alkenyl complexes resulting from trans attack of the nucleophile on the coordinated acetylene (Equation 11.36). A variety... 

Chisholm suggested the following equation for the two-phase multiplier parameter [73] ... 

The Molecular Theory of Solutions , by Prigogine, includes thermodynamic considerations, and Zemansky s book is a later edition of the book mentioned earlier. Wilson s volume is of a fairly advanced level and requires a fairly high standard of mathematical ability. It is mainly designed for the use of physicists. Chapters include accounts of partial differentiation, and the book approaches entropy through Carnot cycles but also describes Caratheodory s axiomatic approach. Superconductivity and solutions are considered thermodynamically. Caldin s introduction is designed for chemistry undergraduates. A student who has mastered the text should be well prepared to go on to more advanced work. Chisholm and de Borde s book develops the equations for Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac, and classical statistics by unusual routes and then applies the... 

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