Chemo-orientation in Flying Insects

Dedicated to Prof. J. S. Kennedy in recognition of more than 40 years of contributions to innovative experimental methods and incisive analysis of insect chemo-orientation 

The almost certainly independent evolution of upwind orientation to chemicals in different phylogenetic groups (at least at the ordinal level) and the inherent variability in environmental (particularly wind) conditions in various habitats, ranging from open grassland to dense tropical forests, may have dictated disparate as well as multiple solutions to the problem of discovering the 

Chemical Ecology of Insects. Edited by William J. Bell and Ring T. Carde 1984 Chapman and Hall Ltd. 

This chapter follows analyses of odor dispersal (Elkinton and Card6, Chapter 3) and chemo-orientation in walking insects (Bell, Chapter 4) and refers to the definitions and concepts discussed therein. Important reviews of flying orientation to chemical sources include those of Farkas and Shorey (1974), Kennedy (1977, 1982), Kennedy et al. (1981), Bell and Tobin (1982), and the discussion of the concepts of attraction and arrestment by Kennedy (1978). 

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