Chemical synthesis ferric chloride method

Reynolds et al. [45] have prepared a water-soluble, self-doped poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-fc]-[l,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-l-butanesulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PEDOT-S) (Figure 4.28) by chemical synthesis using ferric chloride in chloroform. The monomer, sulfonated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, was synthesized by following Chevrot et al. s synthesis method as shown in Figure 4.13 [30]. The electrochromic and hole-transporting multilayer films of PEDOT-S and poly(allylamine... 

Oxidative Polymerization of Pyrroles. The synthesis of pyrrole blacks was performed by chemical oxidative polymerization with a variety of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, lead dioxide, quinines, ferric chloride, and persulfates (244) before the electrical method was employed (236). The catalytic oxidative polymerization under dioxygen to give polypyrrole (PPY) has also been developed (245-247). 

The chemical synthesis of PTs can be achieved by two main routes oxidative polymerization using ferric chloride, which is probably the simplest method [17], and polycondensation of organometallic derivatives using nickel or palladium catalysts. While the coupling... 

---