Chemical signals deception

Judging from the paucity of references about non-social insects, it is tempting to think that chemical deception/mimicry did not play a major role in their evolution. However there have been too few studies done to draw any definite conclusion, since there are several reports presenting evidence of mimicry in non-social arthropods. Also, another type of mimicry can occur when species such as orthoptera, particularly good in exploiting acoustic signals,... 

Deception in crustacean chemical communication has not yet been detected. This mode of communication may most often involve the transfer of cues that are byproducts of essential biochemical processes and that cannot be faked. Yet, we see no reason, based on first principals, why deception via the withholding and directed release of such cues should be rare. But we also acknowledge that detecting such deception will be very difficult. Techniques to monitor and visualize the production and release of chemicals by senders and the detection of and responses to them by receivers under both seminatural and experimental conditions have just begun to be used to study signaling in aggressive contexts in lobsters and crayfish. 

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