Names chemical nomenclature

With a few exceptions for common chemical names, nomenclature in the tables follows the Chemical Abstracts nomenclature system. 

The lUPAC rules are not the only nomenclature system in use today Chemical Abstracts Service sur veys all the worlds leading scientific journals that publish papers relating to chemistry and publishes brief abstracts of those papers The publication Chemical Abstracts and its indexes are absolutely es sential to the practice of chemistry For many years Chemical Abstracts nomenclature was very similar to lUPAC nomenclature but the tremendous explosion of chemical knowledge has required Chemical Abstracts to modify Its nomenclature so that its indexes are better adapted to computerized searching This means that whenever feasible a compound has a sin gle Chemical Abstracts name Unfortunately this Chemical Abstracts name may be different from any of the several lUPAC names In general it is easier to make the mental connection between a chemical structure and its lUPAC name than its Chemical Abstracts name... 

Most of these compounds have multiple registry numbers assigned to different salt forms and nomenclature variations. The registry number Hsted is that of the chemical name given. 

Both common and systematic names of compounds are used throughout this volume, depending on which the Editor-in-Chief felt was more appropriate The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the title name, is given as a subtitle Systematic Chemical Abstracts nomenclature, used in both the 9th and 10th Collective Indexes for the title compound and a selection of other compounds mentioned in the procedure, is provided in an appendix at the end of each preparation. Registry numbers, which are useful in computer searching and identification, are also provided in these appendixes. Whenever two names are concurrently in use and one name is the correct Chemical Abstracts name, that name is adopted. For example, both diethyl ether and ethyl ether are normally used. Since ethyl ether is the established Chemical Abstracts name for the 8lh Collective Index, it has been used in this volume The 9th Collective Index name is 1,1 -oxybisethane, which the Editors consider too cumbersome. 

The Chemical Abstracts nomenclature will be adopted, but when common trivial names are available, these will also be employed, e.g., 4-pyrone along with 4if-pyran-4-one. Unlike Chemical Abstracts, thio will be used to designate a thione and thia will imply a sulfur heteroatom. 

Five different structures may be written for the oxazolones. Their skeletal formulas, the Chemical Abstracts nomenclature (listed first), and the names with more common usage follow. 

A chemical name typically has four parts in the IUPAC system of nomenclature prefix, locant, parent, and suffix. The prefix specifies the location and identity of various substituent groups in the molecule, the locant gives the location of the primary functional group, the parent selects a main part of the molecule and tells how many carbon atoms are in that part, and the suffix identifies the primary functional group. 

Part II consists entirely of systematic names of specific compounds according to Chemical Abstracts nomenclature (see the Index Guide in Chemical Abstracts, Volume 76, 1972). Each compound is listed under the parent name as it would appear in Chemical Abstracts, and each entry from Volumes 56 through 59 is followed by the registry number in brackets. Entries from Volumes 58 and 59 are, for the most part, taken from the appendices which follow the procedures. When the Chemical Abstracts name differs in Collective Indices 8 and 9, both names have been included. Some compounds in the appendices of this volume have been omitted from the index in accord with the guidelines given for Part I. 

Some of the rigidly systematic names selected by the Association for Science Education for their nomenclature list in 1985 from the IUPAC possibilities, and some of the systematic indexing names used by Chemical Abstracts since 1972, are given as synonyms in the Index of Chemical Names (Appendix 4). This should assist those coming into industry and research with a command of those nomenclature systems but who may be unfamiliar with the current variety of names used for chemicals. The inclusion where possible of the CAS Registry Number for each title compound should now simplify the clarification of any chemical name or synonym problems, by reference to the Registry Handbook or other CAS source. 

MDL Information Services, Inc. offers free software downloads at http // www.mdli.com/cgi/dynamic/downloadsect.html7uid= key= id = 1. These include AutoNom Standard (automatic nomenclature), which generates IUPAC chemical names directly from graphical structures created in ISIS/Draw or registered in ISIS/ Base. 

The index lists the names of compounds in two forms. The first is the name used commonly in procedures. The second is the systematic name according to Chemical Abstracts nomenclature. Both are usually accompanied by registry numbers in parentheses. Also included are general terms for classes of compounds, types of reactions, special apparatus, and unfamiliar methods. 

The nomenclature and numbering used above are recommended by lUPAC (1998PAC143), and they can be further applied to the other cyclic systems with one or more heteroatoms on the heteropine ring using the order of preference rules. Thus, fusion of pyrrole (54), furan (71) or thiophene (78) with azepine (43), oxepine (67) or thiepine (78) results in chemical names in which the parent heterocycle has the lowest preference number and is cited last in the name (preference numbers from Appendix II (1998PAC143) are in brackets). Explanation of the fusion descriptors can be found in the lUPAC recommendations (1998PAC143) and were exemplified in CHEC-I (1984CHEC-1(1)7). 

There are six bipyridines whose structures are 2,2 -l, 2,3 -2, 2,4 -3, 3,3 -4, 3,4 -5, and 4,4 -6. The term bipyridine is in accord with current Chemical Abstracts nomenclature, although the compounds have also been named as bipyridyls and dipyridyls. 

The formula, which contains (among other things) an aromatic and an oligocyclic moiety, is so complicated that a chemist who is not an expert in nomenclature cannot determine the chemical name. The structural formula is C23H25O7 ... 

A further aid in the location of the solvents and their exact specification is the Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Registry Number, shown in the second column. The Chemical Abstracts name may be the same as the commonly used one or may differ from it considerably, so that it is not always easy to find the solvents in these Chemical Substance Indexes of the Chemical Abstracts. Eor instance, benzene, methyl is a fairly transparent name for toluene, and methanol, phenyl a slightly less one for benzyl alcohol, but one has to become familiar with the systematics of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature in order to search for diethyl ether or any other more complicated compound. It is expected that with all this information available in table Al the solvents listed are definitely specified and readily found in the Abstracts and other compilation of information and data. 

The nomenclature of a science ought to be distinguished for its clearness and simplimty but it is by no means easy to seoure these conditions in a science like chemistry, where the rapid progress of discovery necessitates the continual addition of new and the frequent alteration of old namea The chemical name of a substance should not only identity and indi-vidualise that substance, but it should also express the composition and constitution of the body, if a compound, to which it is applied. The first of these conditions is readily attained but the second is much more difficult to secure, inasmuch as our ideas of the constitution of chemical compounds—the mode in which they are built up as it were— require firequent modification. On this account all attempts to frame a perfectly consistent system of chemical nomenclature have hitherto been only partially successful. 

Chemical name - the lUPAC or common nomenclature chemical title. 

Unfortunately the name phosphorane according to IUPAC (and Chemical Abstracts) nomenclature is not restricted to phosphorus compounds with five covalent bonded ligands,... 

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