Chemical heterogeneously catalyzed single-phase

Thus, apart from the chemical rate of reaction, the following combined physical and chemical processes can be expected (Figure 4.9.1), which have been partly discussed already for fluid-fluid reactions without a solid catalyst (Section 4.4) and for heterogeneously catalyzed single phase reactions (Section 4.5) ... 

Environmental Chemical Catalysis. Catalysis in a single phase is normally referred to as homogeneous catalysis, while catalysis that takes place n< l he interface of two phases is classified as heterogeneous catalysis. In environmental systems, several categories of catalyzed reactions play an mipoi Umt role in the transformation of inorganic and organic chemical species. 

We focus on heterogeneous catalysis with single and multiple reactant phases, as these are the most common in practice. Examples include environmental catalysis, fat hardening, hydrodesulfurization of oil streams, hydrogenation of fine chemicals, and selective conversions catalyzed by immobilized enzymes or cells in biotechnology. The most popular reactors used in industry for multiphase applications are slurry bubble columns and trickle-bed reactors. They are shovm in Figure 1. 

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