Chemical etching/grafting

Following a similar route, Sondi et al. also described the formation of a protective poly(tert-butyl acrylate) layer on the surface of MPS-functionalized silica nanoparticles [155]. The amount of bound polymer was found to depend on the MPS-grafting density, which in turn was a function of the initial MPS concentration. The silica particles, the surface of which was efficiently recovered by both grafted and un-grafted polymers, showed an improved resistance to chemical etching. These studies highlighted the potential interest of encapsulated mineral oxide particles in photo-resistant technologies. 

The ATRP technique has also been recently reported to be effective in aqueous media using hydrophiHc water-soluble aca ylic monomers [177]. Finally, it should be mentioned that hollow polymeric mica ospheres have been produced through ATRP by templating silica mica ospheres with PBzMA, and subsequently removing the core by chemical etching [178]. These studies illustrate the potential of graft polymerizations in the production of nanostructured particles. 

Surface treatments of carbon fibers can in general be classified into oxidative and non-oxidative treatments. Oxidative treatments are further divided into dry oxidation in the presence of gases, plasma etching and wet oxidation the last of which is carried out chemically or electrolytically. Deposition of more active forms of carbon, such as the highly effective whiskerization, plasma polymerization and grafting of polymers are among the non-oxidative treatments of carbon fiber surfaces. 

Figure 3 shows photomicrographs of viscose fibres containing grafted PAN (50% of the cellulose mass) after cellulose was etched away in such a manner that the chemical composition and the structure of the grafted polymer were not affected50. ... 

Xiao et al. [87] recently reported laser optical synthesis encoding (LOSC), a technique where a polystyrene-grafted synthetic support contained a two-dimensional laser-etched bar code on a ceramic substrate. Different chemical handles were introduced on the solid support, and a small 27-member oligonucleotide library was encoded and subsequently decoded successfully by a small camera linked to combinatorial software for the automation of sorting/tracking procedures. 

Schematic principle of the SECM etching of surface-grafted ATRP initiators for surface patterning with polymer brushes (or negative transfer of polymer brush on a surface) and local interrogation by chemical amplification of the reactivity of surface-immobilized initiators. (Adapted from Slim, C., et al., Chem. Mater., 20,66T7-66 5,2008.)...

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