Chemical communication, intraspecific interspecific

In the marine environment, chemical communications are naturally facilitated by the vectorial function of the water, which ensures widespread distribution whatever the site or type of mediator. They play a significant role in widely different fields, both at the intraspecific (sexual behaviour, trailing, recognition, migration, alarm) and interspecific (nutrition, predation, defence, pseudo-social relationships, commensalism) levels. 

Chemical ecology, whether marine or terrestrial, can be summarized as a very general phenomenon the recognition of self and non-self that is expressed in all forms of interaction between living organisms. In the marine environment, almost all of these interactions are mediated by chemical communication systems that are the basis of relationships between the same species (intraspecific relationships) or different species (interspecific relationships). This exchange of chemical information is... 

There are many similarities between the hormonal (intraorganismal), pheromonal (intraspecific), and allelochemical (interspecific) communication systems (1) Discrete organs are responsible for the production of the chemical messengers ... 

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