Chemical catalysis heterogeneous

The technological appHcations of molecular sieves are as varied as their chemical makeup. Heterogeneous catalysis and adsorption processes make extensive use of molecular sieves. The utility of the latter materials Hes in their microstmctures, which allow access to large internal surfaces, and cavities that enhance catalytic activity and adsorptive capacity. 

Fine Chemicals Through Heterogeneous Catalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GembH, Weinheim (c) Corma, A. and Garcia,... 

Sheldon RA, Van Vliet MCA (2001) In Sheldon RA, van Bekkum H (eds) Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 473... 

P. Metivier, Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis, R.A. Sheldon and H. van Bekkum, Eds., Wiley-VCH, 2001, p. 173. 

F. Notheisz, Mihaly Bartok, in Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis, A. Sheldon, H. Van Bekkum, ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2001, pp. 415-426. 

It is possible to extract the nanocolloids from aqueous solution into an organic phase or to support them onto inorganic supports by what is called the precursor method (described in Section 3.5) to generate heterogeneous catalysts. Such catalysts find application in chemical catalysis, e.g., in selective hydrogenation of fatty acids. 

Sheldon, R. A., and van Bekkum, H., Fine Chemical through Heterogeneous Catalysis, Wiley, Weinheim, 2001. 

T. Mallot, A. Baiker in Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis,... 

Now, there is a second group of factors called geometric that influence an electrode reaction rate, i.e., electrocalalysis. These factors will remind the reader of some of the structural matters covered in discussions of chemical catalysis. They refer to the structure and often to the heterogeneity of the catalyst s surface. Active sites on the surface can be identified. Examples of such factors are ... 

The chemistry of electrochemical reaction mechanisms is the most hampered and therefore most in need of catalytic acceleration. Therefore, we understand that electrochemical catalysis does not, in principle, differ much fundamentally and mechanistically from chemical catalysis. In addition, apart from the fact that charge-transfer rates and electrosorption equilibria do depend exponentially on electrode potential—a fact that has no comparable counterpart in chemical heterogeneous catalysis—in many cases electrocatalysis and catalysis of electrochemical and chemical oxidation or reduction processes follow very similar if not the same pathways. For instance as electrochemical hydrogen oxidation and generation is coupled to the chemical splitting of the H2 molecule or its formation from adsorbed hydrogen atoms, respectively, electrocatalysts for cathodic hydrogen evolution—... 

E. Gutierrez, A.J. Aznar and E. Ruiz-Hitzky, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis Heterogeneous Catalysis and Fine Chemicals. M. Guisnet et al (Ed.), Elsevier Sci. Pub., B.V., Amsterdam (1988), 211-219. 

The reach of hydrophobicity in the model can severely complicate its synthesis. This criterion makes sense in the case of the task of achieving as close a correspondence as possible between the model and the simulated enzyme. However, a more particular objective is often assigned for the synthesis of mimics. It consists of synthesizing an effective catalyst simulating a definite (useful) enzyme property. Therefore, it seems more desirable to replace hydrophobic tub synthesis by more accessible methods, developed in chemical catalysis, particularly in coordination and heterogeneous catalysis. 

For certain metal systems, the chemical properties of bimetallic DENs include selective extraction from the dendrimer interior into organic solvents. Catalytic properties include homogeneous hydrogenation catalysis heterogeneous hydrogenation and oxidation catalysis have also been examined. Homogeneous hydrogenation studies indicate that... 

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